exam 1 - unit 2 - chapter 17

Question 1

the “great american desert: was considered a…

Answer 1

vast and empty place, unfit for civilized people

Question 2

the great american desert is now called

Answer 2

the bread basket

Question 3

manifest destiny is

Answer 3

their divine right - to explore and settle the western territories in the name of the united states

Question 4

what were some reasons people moved west

Answer 4

in search of riches, cattle, gold, farming, or believed it was their duty to spread protestant ideals to native inhabitants

Question 5

people headed west on ____ _____ such as the oregon trail

Answer 5

wagon trails

Question 6

european immigrants (especially from nothern europe) settled in close-knit ethnic enclaves out of comfort and familiarity. t/f

Answer 6

t

Question 7

why most african americans move west

Answer 7

to escape racism

Question 8

moving west was a clash of ____ ____ and ______ that defined the emerging new america

Answer 8

cultures, races, and traditions

Question 9

manifest destiny justified in americans minds their right and duty to…

Answer 9

govern any other groups they encountered during their expansion, as well as absolved them of any questionable tactics they employed in the process.

Question 10

was moving west what most people thought it would be…open land waiting for them with no conflict

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what did the homestead act allow

Answer 11

it allowed any head of household,or individual over the age of 21, to receive a parcel of 160 acres for only a nominal fee

Question 12

did the homestead act include women

Answer 12

yes, unmarried women over the age of 21

Question 13

what were recipients of the homestead act required to do

Answer 13

“improve the land” withing a period of 5 years of taking possession

Question 14

were mormans some of the people who moved out west

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

what did the pacific railway act do

Answer 15

the law provided each company with ownership of all public lands within 200ft on either side of the track laid

Question 16

the nations first transcontinental railroad was completed when what two companies connected their tracks

Answer 16

the union pacific railroad from Nebraska and the central pacific railroad from california

Question 17

where was the first railroad completed

Answer 17

promontory point, utah in spring of 1869

Question 18

what was some of the challenges and difficulties to homesteaders who moved west

Answer 18

the land was dry and barren- lost crops to hail, droughts, insect swarms - few materials to build with - money was a concern

Question 19

how many hours did farm wives work a day

Answer 19

at least 11 hours

Question 20

were women more independent in the west

Answer 20

yes, they lived more equitably as partners with their husbands

Question 21

what were the first houses built by western settlers

Answer 21

sod houses

Question 22

what were the downsides of sod houses

Answer 22

rain led to mud falling through the roof, vermin, lice

Question 23

why was childbirth a complication in the west

Answer 23

often, there were no doctors or midwife. many women died from treatable conditions and so did the babies

Question 24

many of the cattle riders were….

Answer 24

mexican american or african american

Question 25

most cattle riders were individuals who...

Answer 25

were willing to risk what little they had in order to strike it rich

Question 26

why did mining and cattle industries die out

Answer 26

resources for grazing and easily accessed metals disappeared

Question 27

what replaced cattle and mining industries

Answer 27

big businesses with the infrastructure and investments to make a profit

Question 28

where did the california gold rush start

Answer 28

the discovery of gold at sutters mill in coloma, california

Question 29

who followed the arrival of those who hoped to benefit from the gold

Answer 29

a rush of prospectors - saloon keepers, prostitutes, store owners, and criminals, who all arrived in droves

Question 30

how did railroads benefit cattle ranchers

Answer 30

the ranchers would round up the wild steers and transport them by rail to be sold in the east

Question 31

how much per head was a wild steer sold for in the east

Answer 31

$30-50

Question 32

what part of cowboys were hispanic or aa

Answer 32

1/3

Question 33

where did american cowboys get their look from

Answer 33

mexican ranchers who used them to great affect before the time of cowboys

Question 34

did native americans charge cowboys for traveling across their land

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

for indians, the arrival of settlers means

Answer 35

the end of their way of life

Question 36

who started most of the violence between the natives and whites

Answer 36

the whites

Question 37

why did the whites have such an advantage

Answer 37

they had superior weapons, numbers, and the support of the US gov

Question 38

what did the reformers do to the natives

Answer 38

they sent them to boarding schools, asked them to renounce indian gods and culture, and individual land ownership

Question 39

when and what was the last episode of the so-called indian wars

Answer 39

1890, at the battle of wounded knee in SD.

Question 40

what did the sioux do to scare the white settlers

Answer 40

they begame to perform the "ghost dance" which told of an indian messiah who would deliver the tribe from their hardships

Question 41

the sioux prepared to surrender to the whites after the death of who

Answer 41

sitting bull

Question 42

what happened at the battle of wounded knee

Answer 42

as the sioux were surrendering, a rifle went off on accident and the US soldiers began to fire indiscriminately at the indians

Question 43

what were indian children taught at the boarding schools they were forced to go to, away from their families

Answer 43

they taught them to abandon their tribal traditions and embrace the tools of american modesty, productivity, and sanctity

Question 44

what did the schools provide for males and females

Answer 44

vocational training for males and domestic science classes for females

Question 45

who were indian adults targeted by

Answer 45

religious reformers, specifically evangelical protestants and catholics

Question 46

what were indian adults taught to do

Answer 46

abandon their language, culture, social customs for a more euro-american lifestyle

Question 47

the dawes act was the indian version of the _____ act

Answer 47

homestead act

Question 48

what did the dawes act permitt

Answer 48

it permitted the federal gov to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres of farmland of 320 acres of grazing land to the head of each family

Question 49

what happened to the remaining tribal lands (80 M acres)

Answer 49

it was sold to white american settlers

Question 50

in the 19th century, what other cultures collided with the whites

Answer 50

hispanic and chinese

Question 51

white americans believed that they deserved the best ____ and ____the country could afford

Answer 51

lands and economic opportunities

Question 52

what did chinese immigrants and hispanic americans do bc they were being assulted on their rights

Answer 52

both groups retreated into urban enclaves, where their lang and trad could survive

Question 53

what did the chinese exclusion act of 1882 do

Answer 53

forbade further immigration from china for a 10 year period

Question 54

what did the california constitution of 1879 do

Answer 54

forbade naturalized chinese citizens the right to vote or hold state employment