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hist 1493 ruskoski > exam 2 - unit 5 - ch 20 > Flashcards

exam 2 - unit 5 - ch 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

in the years following the civil war, american politics were _______, ________, and at the federal lever, largely ________ in terms of addressing the challenges that americans faced

A

disjointed, corrupt, ineffective

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2
Q

who dominated through systematic graft and bribery

A

local and regional politics, and the bosses who ran the political machines

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3
Q

americans realized that the solutions to the mounting problems would not come from D.C. but from

A

their local political leaders

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4
Q

who coined the phase “gilded age”

A

mark twain

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5
Q

who did mark twain co-author “the gilded age: a tale of today” in 1873

A

charles dudley warner

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6
Q

what did the gilded age: a tale of today satirize

A

the corruption of post-civil war society and politics

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7
Q

what only thinly glossed over the stark economic inequalities and various degrees of corruption of the era

A

popular excitement over national growth and industrialization

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8
Q

politicians of the time largely catered into ______ ______ in exchange for _____ ______ and_______

A

business interests
political support
wealth

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9
Q

many politicians participated in ____ and _____-

A

graft and bribery

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10
Q

what excuse did politicians use to justify their actions

A

that corruption was too widespread for a successful politician to resist

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11
Q

what is mark twains real name

A

samuel

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12
Q

very few measures offered direct assistance to americans who continued to struggle with the transformation into an ______ ______

A

industrial society

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13
Q

what made the passage of effective legislation difficult

A

the inefficiency of a patronage-driven federal gov, combined with a growing laissez-faire attitude among the american public

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14
Q

at the heart of each president’s administration was the protection of the

A

spoils system

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15
Q

what is the spoils system

A

the power of the president to practice widespread political patronage

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16
Q

what is patronage, in that case

A

it took the form of the president naming his friends and supporters to various political posts

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17
Q

why was the maintenance of political machinery and repaying favors with patronage important to all presidents, regardless of party affiliation

A

the close calls in presidential elections during the era

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18
Q

what did president jackson do immediately upon assuming office in march 1829

A

he swept employees from over 900 political offices, amounting to 10% of all federal appoitments

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19
Q

who was hit the hardest from jackson

A

us postal service

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20
Q

jackson appointed his supporters and close friends to over 400 positions in the service t/f

A

t

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21
Q

what did president chester a author sign into law in 1883

A

the pendleton civil service act

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22
Q

what was the pendleton civil service act

A

the first significant piece of antipatronage legislation

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23
Q

what did the pendleton civil service act create

A

the civil service commission

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24
Q

what did the civil service commision do

A

listed all government patronage jobs and set aside approximately 10% of the list as appoinments to be determined through a competitive civil service examination process

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25
what else did the law do, specifically to prevent future presidents from undoing this reform
the law declared that future presidents could enlarge the list but never shrink it by moving a civil service job back into the patronage column
26
what factors left the country's farmers in increasingly desperate straits
overproduction and high tariffs
27
the government's inability to address their concerns left the farmers....
disillusioned and worried
28
uneven responses from state governments had many farmers seeking...
an alternative solution to their problems
29
farmers took notes from ____ and began to organize into alliances similar to workers unions
labor movements growing in industrial cities around the country
30
what were models of cooperation where larger numbers could offer more bargaining power with major players such as railroads
the alliances farmers organized
31
alliances were able to initiate widespread change for their benefit t/f
f
32
what was a major problem for farmers
debt
33
drawing from the cohesion of purpose, farmers sought to ...
create change from the inside: through politics
34
the farmers hoped that the creation of the populist party would lead to a president who...
put the people (farmers) first
35
when was the populist party created
1891
36
what was the farmers alliance
a conglomeration of three regional alliances formed in the mid-1880s
37
the farmers alliance took root in ...
the wake of the grange movement
38
who led the southern alliance
dr. charles macane
39
what was the southern alliance
was based in TX and had over 100,000 members by 1886
40
who urged the creation of a national alliance between the northern, southern, and colored alliance
dr. charles macane
41
what was the largest aa organization in the US
the colored alliance
42
who led the colored alliance
tom watson
43
where was the colored alliance founded
tx but quickly spread throughout the old south
44
how many members were in the colored alliance
1 M
45
aa origionally advocated for self-help t/f
t
46
did african americans begin to understand the benefits of political organizations and the unified voice to improve plight
yes
47
what kept the alliance splintered among the three component branches
racism
48
the farmers alliance brought together over ____ members
2.5 M
49
how much of the farmers alliance was black and white
1.5M white 1M black
50
who did populists choose to model themselves after as the 1892 pres election approached
democratic and republican parties
51
what did the populists write at their national convention the summer of 1892 in nebraska
the omaha platform
52
what did the populists hope to do
shock the country with a "third-party" victory
53
what did the omaha platform do
more fully explain to all americans the goals of the new party
54
who wrote the omaha platform
ignatius donnelly
55
who did the platform statement vilify as being part of a widespread conspiracy to control farmers
railroad owners, bankers, big businessmen
56
the platform called for adoption of the
subtreasury plan
57
what was included in the subtreasury plan
gov control over railroads, end to national bank system, creation of federal income tax, direct election of us senators, and more measures.
58
what was the aim of the subtreasury plan
a more proactive federal gov that would support the economic and social welfare of all americans
59
the populist movement began to grow bc
the federal gov continued to offer few solutions
60
who did democrats chose as their candidate
william jennings bryan
61
what politician largely fit the mold of the populist platform
william jennings bryan
62
who was born in nebraska and had the avocacy of the silver standard
william jennings bryan
63
did the populists support bryan and why or why not
yes, bc they hoped to see a candidate in the white house who would embody the populist goals, if not the party name
64
did bryan win the election
no, he lost to william mckinley
65
what happened after bryan lost
the populist party lost much of its momentum
66
what is the free coinage of silver
silver standard
67
what are tariffs
taxes on imported goods
68
bryan _____ the importance of a ______-______ monetary system and urged the gov to coin more ______
defended silver-based silver
69
bryan was very familiar with the _____ _____
famers plight
70
bryan saw some merit in the _____ _____ _____
subtreasury system proposal
71
did mckinley or bryan run a typical 19th century style front porch campaign
mckinley
72
what is the front porch type campaign
you would stand on your front porch and people would come to your house and listen to you give speeches
73
who delivered speeches throughout the country , bringing the message to people that republicans "shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold"
bryan
74
the result of the election finally saw a pres win a majority of the popular vote for the first time in
24 yrs
75
_____ defeated ____ by a popular vote of 7.1M to 6.5M
mckinley defeated bryan
76
bryans popular vote exceeded that of any other pres candidate in american history, win or lose t/f
t
77
what was the wizard of oz actually about
politics and money

hist 1493 ruskoski (8 decks)

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