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Renal > Exam 1 Urology > Flashcards

Exam 1 Urology Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for Tuberous Sclerosis?

A

AD

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2
Q

What is the Honsfeld unit for fat?

A

-20

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3
Q

Pothoven says angiomyolipomas under what size get observed?

A

4cm

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4
Q

What part of the nephron do oncocytomas arise from?

A

distal tubule

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5
Q

What syndrome has familiam oncocytomas?

A

Birt-Hogg-Dube

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6
Q

What is the most lethal of all renal tumors?

A

renal cell carcinomas

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7
Q

In which two decades to RCCs often arise?

A

6th or 7th

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8
Q

What part of the nephron do RCCs typically arise from? Which two types?

A

PCT

clear cell and papillary

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9
Q

What is the pattern of inheritance for VHL?

A

autosomal dominant

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10
Q

At what age do patients with VHL typically present with kidney cancer?

A

3rd or 4th decade

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11
Q

What are the four paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma?

A

hypercalcemia

HTN

polycythemia

non-metastatic liver dysfunction (Stauffers)

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12
Q

Medullary kidney tumors are associated with what condition?

A

sickle cell

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13
Q

Do biopsies of rental tumors change the treatment?

A

no

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14
Q

What type of specific kidney pathology does Hyperfiltration Injury lead to?

A

FSGS

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15
Q

What is the first sign of hyperfiltration injury?

A

proteinuria

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16
Q

What is RCC resistant to?

A

chemo. and radiation

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17
Q

What is the only therapy shown to aid in the remission of metastatic RCC?

A

IL-2

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18
Q

A drug targeting what type of factor may aid in the treatment of RCC?

A

angiogenic

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19
Q

What three specific angiogenic factors did Pothoven mention?

A

sunitinab

sorafenib

temsirolimus

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20
Q

What is the most common presentation regarding transitional cell carcninoma during contrast imaging?

A

defect in collecting system

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21
Q

What is the gold standard for tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter?

A

nephro-ureterectomy

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22
Q

What is the prognosis of metastatic renal tumors?

A

poor

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23
Q

Where in the brain is the micturition center located?

A

pons

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24
Q

What can diuretics do to the detrusor?

A

uninhibited detrusor contractions

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25
What type of medications are the mainstay of Oberactive Bladder? What conditions
anti-cholinergics
26
In what eye condition are anti-cholinergics contraindicated?
narrow-angle glaucoma
27
Which beta-adrenergic agonist isotype is located in the bladder?
beta three
28
Beta-3 agonists or antagonists for overactive bladder? Monitor for?
Agonist HTN
29
What type of medications can help stress incontinence?
no medications
30
Do kegels help the external or internal urethral sphincter?
external
31
What cells are hypothesized to be present in the bladder resulting in bladder pain?
mast cells
32
What drug can replenishes GAG layer in bladder?
petosanpolysulfate
33
What is the gold standard for hematuria evaluation?
CT urogram
34
What is the most common type of urinary tract cancer?
transitional
35
What is squamous cell cancer of the bladder associated with?
chronic irritation
36
Where in the bladder do adenocarcinomas most commonly arise?
dome of bladder
37
What is done before and after bladder tumor resection in females?
Bimanual exam
38
Where are the four sites of bladder cancer metastasis?
bone lung liver pelvic nodes
39
Most recurrences of bladder cancer occur within how long?
two years
40
What is the most effective treatment for recurrence of bladder cancer?
BCG
41
When is Mitomycin C used?
immediately after resection
42
What is the standard for care for bladder cancer that has invaded the bladder wall?
radical cystectomy
43
Is rotavirus more common in the winter or summer?
winter
44
How much does hyperthermia affect water loss?
double
45
When vomiting also occurs with diarrhea, does hyponatremia or hypernatremia ensue?
hypernatremia
46
What is the first objective sign during dehydration?
pulse increase
47
What is the most useful sign for assessing dehydration?
cap refill
48
Does hypotension manifest early or late during dehydration?
late
49
Does the brain shrink or swell during hypernatremia?
shrink
50
What happens if hypernatremia is treated too quickly ?
brain swelling
51
What is the mean age of diasnosis of bladder cancer?
70
52
Does urine cytology have a high sensitivity or specificity?
high specificity
53
T2 bladder cancer penetrates into what?
muscle
54
When is interferon-alpha used regarding bladder cancer?
after BCG failure
55
When is doxorubicin used regarding bladder cancer?
after BCG failure
56
When is radiation used for bladder cancer?
in patients who cant tolerate surgery
57
When is chemotherapy used for bladder cancer?
metastasis
58
Bladder pain can be caused by a lack of what molecule?
GAGs
59
According to DiSole, where is the macula densa located?
distal end of TAL
60
Does fat in a renal tumor suggest benign or malignant?
benign
61
Is there a backup blood supply to the kidney if the renal artery is embolized?
no
62
Does one need to treat an oncocytoma as if it were malignant or benign?
malignant
63
What is the only benefit of anti-angiogenic agents regarding RCC?
delay progression
64
What type of renal tumor cant be differentiated from RCC with imaging?
Oncocytoma
65
What is the most common cause of stress incontinence in men?
post-prostatectomy
66
What part of the urethra is involved in stress incontinence in women? Where?
proximal urethra below pelvic floor
67
Which procedure has shown the best success rates for stress incontinence in women?
urethral sling
68
What is a recurrent UTI?
occurs after previous infection cleared
69
What is a persistent UTI?
reinfection with same bacteria
70
How does a vesicular fistula often present?
constant incontinence
71
Where in the nephron are Type B Intercalating cells located?
collecting tubule
72
How many bicarb molecules does glutamate yield?
two
73
Did Pothoven say CHF can increase or decrease urine output?
increase
74
A normal PVR is what?
less than 50

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