Exam #1 Vocab

Question 1

observational studies

Answer 1

hypothesis predicts existing patterns(often the only studies possible)

Question 2

experimental studies

Answer 2

hypothesis predict patterns resulting from manipulation so only 1 thing is varied (compare treatment group to control group)

Question 3

independent variable

Answer 3

varying condition observed or manipulated

Question 4

dependent variable

Answer 4

measured response

Question 5

experimental group

Answer 5

receives treatment

Question 6

control group

Answer 6

same as experimental group, except no treatment

Question 7

procedural control

Answer 7

treatment applied to case with “known” outcome

Question 8

probabilistic statistic

Answer 8

the likelihood that the data shows a certain kind of “chance” similarity

Question 9

p-value

Answer 9

probability of “error” usually use 0.05

Question 10

unpaired t-test

Answer 10

compares 2 means

Question 11

chi-square goodness of fit

Answer 11

compares observed and expected numbers

Question 12

standard deviation

Answer 12

spread of data around the mean

Question 13

inductive reasoning

Answer 13

is a form of logical thinking that uses relaxed observations to arrive at a general conclusion

Question 14

deductive reasoning

Answer 14

is a form of logical thinking that uses a general principle of law to predict specific results

Question 15

descriptive science

Answer 15

inductive, aims to observe, explore, and discover

Question 16

hypothesis-based science

Answer 16

deductive begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test

Question 17

photosynthesis

Answer 17

light energy captured in glucose

Question 18

glycolysis and cellular respiration

Answer 18

glucose is broken down and energy adds phosphate to ADP to make ATP

Question 19

Photosynthesis (cycle)

Answer 19

splits H2O, fixes carbon, makes glucose

Question 20

glycolysis and cellular respiration (cycle)

Answer 20

splits glucose, breaks carbon, makes H2O

Question 21

population

Answer 21

group of individuals of the same species in a single area

Question 22

species

Answer 22

“kind” of organisms

Question 23

census

Answer 23

counting all the organisms in a population (count all in an area)

Question 24

quadrat

Answer 24

a 1m2 yields number per m2

Question 25

line transect

Answer 25

line along which one count things and yields number per m

Question 26

mark-recapture

Answer 26

N estimates by marking and recapturing (fast-moving animals)

Question 27

population structure

Answer 27

age, size, sex, and genetics in a population

Question 28

cohort

Answer 28

individuals of same age or age group

Question 29

age distribution

Answer 29

shows number or percentage of individuals in each cohort

Question 30

survivorship

Answer 30

"percentage" in a cohort surviving from the beginning

Question 31

subpopulations

Answer 31

partial populations in semi-isolated habitat (heterogeneity)

Question 32

rescue effect

Answer 32

sink populations maintained by individuals leaving source populations

Question 33

N

Answer 33

population size at a point in time

Question 34

change in NI and change in T

Answer 34

change in N per change in unit time

Question 35

Rmax

Answer 35

growth rate under conditions of unlimited resources (per capita growth rate)

Question 36

density-dependent growth

Answer 36

limited resources

Question 37

carry capacity

Answer 37

maximum population size an environment can support (K)