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PSYC304 > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

Chapters 2, 3, 15 (110 cards)

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1
Q

Phrenology

A

pseudoscience, study of bumps on head and personality

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2
Q

Broca’s Area

A

used to produce speech

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3
Q

Phineas Gage

A

injured prefrontal cortex, change in personality

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4
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system, brain & spinal cord

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5
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system, sensory organs & nerves

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6
Q

Dorsal vs Ventral

A

top vs bottom

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7
Q

Anterior vs Posterior

A

front vs back

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8
Q

Superior vs Inferior

A

top vs bottom

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9
Q

Lateral vs Medial

A

side vs middle

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10
Q

Contralateral vs Ipsilateral

A

opposite side of body vs same side

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11
Q

Coronal, Sagittal, Horizontal,

A

parallel to face, parallel to midline between hemispheres, parallel to ground

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12
Q

Meninges

A

membranes between brain & skull

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13
Q

Dura Mater

A

tough outer layer of meninges

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14
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

middle membrane of meninges

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15
Q

Pia Mater

A

innermost layer of meninges, touching brain, small blood vessels

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16
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

between arachnoid and pia mater, holds CSF

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17
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

2 largest ventricles, one in each brain hemisphere

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18
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

connects third and fourth ventricle

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19
Q

Third Ventricle

A

on midline of brain, connects lateral

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20
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

connected to third ventricle via cerebral aqueduct, near bottom of brain

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21
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

tissue that makes CSF

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22
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

fluid that brain contents float in, flow from lateral, third, fourth ventricles to subarachnoid space

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23
Q

Arachnoid Granulations

A

reabsorb CSF from subarachnoid space into blood supply

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24
Q

Obstructive Hydrocephalus

A

when CSF flow is blocked, CSF build up in ventricles make walls expand and cause blood vessel/brain damage

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25
Forebrain
contains telencephalon & diencephalon
26
Midbrain
contains mesencephalon
27
Hindbrain
contains metencephalon and myelencephalon
28
Telencephalon
cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
29
Diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus
30
Gray Matter
cell bodies
31
White Matter
axons
32
Sulcus
groove in surface of brain
33
Gyrus
ridge between grooves in surface of brain
34
Fissure
deeper grooves in surface of brain, if split open can remove chunks of brain
35
Lateral Fissure
between temporal and frontal lobe
36
Longitudinal Fissure
between hemispheres
37
Central Sulcus
between frontal and parietal lobe
38
Precentral Gyrus
rostral to central sulcus, location of primary motor cortex
39
Postcentral Gyrus
caudal to central sulcus, location of primary somatosensory cortex
40
Primary Motor Cortex
contralateral control of muscles, sections of tissue in charge of certain body parts
41
Primary Sensory Cortex
contralateral touch info, sections of tissue in charge of certain body parts
42
Primary Visual Cortex
visual info from eyes, in occipital lobe
43
Primary Auditory Cortex
auditory info, in temporal lobe
44
Primary Cortex vs Association Cortex
where sensory info is collected in brain vs where sensory info is analyzed
45
Four Lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
46
Cingulate Gyrus
raw emotion (pain, disgust)
47
Corpus Callosum
connect/communication between right and left hemispheres
48
Anterior Commissure
memory & communication, where contralateral nerves cross sides
49
Split-Brain
cut corpus collosum, treatment for seizures, hemispheres can't communicate
50
Thalamus
sorts info to correct cortex
51
Hypothalamus
messages pituitary gland, autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, survival needs
52
Tectum
superior and inferior colliculi
53
Tegmentum
subconscious/reflexes, prevents unwanted movement
54
Superior Colliculi
under pineal body, visual system, reflexes
55
Inferior Colliculi
under superior colliculi, auditory system
56
Periaqueductal Gray
cell bodies around cerebral aqueduct, pain
57
Cerebral Peduncles
fiber bundles between cerebellum and cerebral cortex, communication
58
Pons
sleep, arousal, communication w/ cerebellum
59
Medulla
vital functions/reflexes (respiration, skeletal muscle, etc.
60
Brainstem
connects cerebrum and spinal cord
61
Cerebellum
coordinates movements
62
Cerebellar Peduncles
bundles of axons, attach cerebellum to pons
63
Optic Nerve
transmits visual info
64
Olfactory Bulb
round bulb tissue, cells for smell
65
Olfactory Tract
connect olfactory bulb to cerebral cortex
66
Spinal Cord
distribute motor fibers/somatosensory info
67
Dorsal Root Ganglion
bundle of nerves, sensory info to PNS
68
Autonomic System
non-conscious activities
69
Somatic System
conscious activities
70
Sympathetic System
fight or flight, increased blood flow, etc.
71
Parasympathetic nervous system
return to homeostasis
72
Neural Plate
flat plane of neuron cells
73
Neural Groove
dip in the middle of neural plate, eventually turns into tube
74
Ventricular Zone
outside wall of neural tube, where progenitor cells divide
75
Subventricular Zone
away from VZ, more progenitor cells divide
76
Proliferation
cell division
77
Differentiation
stem cells divide into specialized cell
78
Migration
cell move to correct location, form outside brain
79
Progenitor Cells
stem cells that produce brain cells
80
Neuroblast
form middle mantle layer of neural tube
81
Symmetrical Division
divide into identical cells
82
Asymmetrical Division
divide into different cells
83
Radial Glial Cells
cells that guide stem cells to correct location in brain development
84
Neurogenesis
new neurons form in brain
85
Synaptogenesis
form new synapses
86
Apoptosis
preprogrammed cell death
87
Synaptic Pruning
brain removes neurons/synapses that aren't needed
88
Neuron
brain cell, sends information to
89
Soma
cell body of neuron
90
Dendrite
branches from soma, intake neurotransmitters
91
Dendritic Spine
bumps where dendrite receives signal
92
Axon
leads signal from cell body to terminal
93
Myelin Sheath
fatty insulation for axon
94
Node of Ranvier
gaps between segments of myelin sheath, increase speed of signal
95
Presynaptic Terminal
terminal that releases signal to synapse
96
Sensory Neuron
pick up sensory info from sensory organs, send to CNS
97
Interneuron
neuron between motor and sensory neurons in spinal cord
98
Motor Neuron
enact motor behaviors in muscles from CNS
99
Withdrawal Reflex
sensory neuron sends signal to spinal cord, motor neuron, moves in reflex
100
Golgi Stain
stain brain tissue, see some neurons, discovered by golgi
101
Axoplasmic Transport
ship materials along axon via microtubules
102
Anterograde/Retrograde Transport
moves from cell body to terminals/moves from terminals to cell body
103
Schwann Cell
make myelin sheath in PNS, each cell makes segment
104
Oligodendrocyte
make myelin sheath in CNS, tentacle to make multiple segments, no regrowth
105
Axon Regeneration
axon growth after damage
106
Microglia
immune system of brain, remove waste, make scar tissue
107
Astrocyte
support neurons, glial scar, maintain homeostasis, moderate synapse, transport nutrients, control blood flow from BBB
108
Homeostasis
balance within body
109
Blood-Brain Barrier
blocks blood from freely flowing in brain, only lets some material through
110
Multiple Sclerosis
immune system attack myelin in CNS

PSYC304 (4 decks)

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