exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
osteoblast
A
bone cells that build up bone
2
Q
keratin
A
waterproof protein
3
Q
sarcolemma
A
plasma membrane of the muscle fiber
4
Q
sarcoplasm
A
internal fluid of the muscle fiber
5
Q
abduction
A
motion away from the midline of the body
6
Q
flexion
A
motion that decreases the angle between 2 parts
7
Q
calcitriol
A
hormone responsible for allowing absorption of dietary calcium
8
Q
sarcomere
A
basic functional unit of muscle fiber
9
Q
adduction
A
motion towards the midline of the body
10
Q
meniscus
A
cartilaginous structure in a joint capsule
11
Q
extension
A
motion that increases the angle between 2 parts
12
Q
calcitonin
A
hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone
13
Q
tetanus
A
maximal sustained muscle contraction
14
Q
bursa
A
pocket of fluid found in some joints
15
Q
osteoclasts
A
bone cells that break down bone
16
Q
pronation
A
motion orienting the palms posteriorly
17
Q
supination
A
motion orienting the plams anteriorly
18
Q
crossbridge
A
formed when actin and myosin interact
19
Q
acetylcholinesterase
A
enzyme found in the synapse
20
Q
summation
A
refers to muscle twitches “building up” on one another
21
Q
aponeurosis
A
sheet of connective tissue joining muscle to muscle
22
Q
level of muscle organization DECREASING in size
A
whole muscle, fascicle, muscle fibers, myofibril, myofilament
23
Q
melanin is responsible for
A
skin coloration and UV protection
24
Q
this sweat gland associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress, and has a strong ordor
A
apocrine
25
this is the scientific term to sweat
sudorum
26
fat in bone is stored in the
yellow marrow
27
the perimysium covers
the fascicle
28
which of the following does not contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument
carotenoids (does: sudoriferous glands, feather, blood vessels)
29
this structure does not contain keratin
tooth
30
most of the mass of the bone is made up of
hydroxyapatite
31
the axial skeleton is primarily
protective
32
this is where the calcium is releases from within the muscle fibers
sarcoplasmic reticulum
33
this type of joints is freely moveable
diarthrosis
34
one reason for the breakdown of bone is
to increase calcium availability within bone
35
this type of muscle if spindle shaped
smooth
36
bones of the skull are joined by
suture joints
37
spongy bone is arranged into sutures called
trabeculae
38
which joint is the most stable
saddle
39
if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis, what will be formed in the vertebrates
lactic acid
40
the arrector pili muscles are most associated with
fear
41
this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly
lumbar
42
a burn covering the back of the trunk and back of both arms of a human affects approximately
27% of the surface area (rule of 9's)
43
this is the location of spongy bone in a human long bone
epiphysis
44
this theory states that's sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another
sliding filament theory
45
this protein stores oxygen within muscle fibers
myoglobin
46
glycolysis by itself produces a net fain of this many ATP molecules
2
47
this type of structural joint is always completely immovable
fibrous
48
this refers to a single nerve and all the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
49
a fracture breaking the radius into 2 pieces but not breaking the skin is what kind of fracture
simple complete
50
a muscle called the mentalis is most likely associated with the
chin
51
a muscle used to widen the nostrils is most likely called the
dilator naris
52
what is not important for bone growth
UV light, hydroxyapatite, vitamin D
53
which of type of joint is the least stable
ball and socket
54
a muscle used to raise the rib cage would mostly likely be called the
lavatories costarum
55
most fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of this
hypodermis
56
ecdysis is a process that occurs to
epidermal scales
57
appositional growth occurs when
bones increase in thickness
58
this type of structural joint has bones that do not touch and a joint capsule
synovial
59
the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the
latent period
60
granulation tissue includes cells which do all of the following
provide blood supply, clear cellular debris, produce new collagen fibers (doesn't transform cartilage to bone)
61
one step involved with bone repair is
fracture hematoma
62
this type of joint is immovable
synarthrosis
63
this type of muscle has intercalated discs
cardiac
64
layers of epidermis in order from deepest to mist superficial
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
65
this type of burn extends partially though the epidermis
1st degree
66
calcitonin
hormone responsible for storing calcium within bone
67
sacolemma
plasma membrane of the muscle
68
sarcomere
basic functional unit of the muscle fiber
69
keratin
tough integumentary protein
70
tetanus
maximal sustained muscle contraction
71
osteoclasts
bone cells that break down bone
72
gumphosis
type of joint found between tooth and jaw
73
crossbridge
formed when actin and myosin interact
74
creatine phosphate
molecule that can recharge ATP
75
hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate found in bone
76
tendon
connective tissue joining muscle to bone
77
sarcoplasm
internal fluid of the muscle fiber
78
superination
motion orienting the palms anteriorly
79
collagen
material found in a scar
80
summation
refer to muscle twitched building up on one another
81
appositional growth occurs when
bone increases in thickness
82
blood cells are produced in the
red marrow
83
this is the location of most spongy bone in the human long bone
epiphysis
84
melanin is a protein responsible for
skin coloration and UV protection
85
a sarcomere has
2 Z lines and one M line
86
this sweat gland is associated in humans with pubic regions, activates in response to stress and has a strong order
apocrine
87
most of the fat found in the integumentary system is found in the tissue of the
hypodermis
88
ecdysis is process that occurs to
epidermal scales
89
this spinal curvature is concave posteriorly (open to rear)
lumbar
90
which type of muscle fiber takes the longest to fatigue
type 1
91
compact bone is arranged into structure called
osteons
92
which of the following types of joint is the most stable
suture
93
which of the following doesn't contribute meaningfully to thermoregulation in an integument
caroteniods
94
the arrector pili muscle most associated with
hair follicle
95
this structure doesn't contain keratin
tooth
96
glycolysis by itself produces a net gain of this many ATP molescules
2
97
if too much pyruvate is formed anaerobically due to rapid glycolysis ______ will be formed in vertebrates
lactic acid
98
not true about smooth muscle cell
they are connected by intercalated discs
99
fascicles are bundles of the muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue layer called the
perimysium
100
this structure type of joint has bones that don't touch and a joint capsule
synovial
101
bones of the skull are jointed by
suture joints
102
where would you find an osteoderm
an alligator
103
contains stem cells
hair matric and nail root
104
a muscle used to move the palms face down would most likely be called
pronator teres
105
a muscle called the occipitofrontal is most likely associated with the
head
106
member of the quadriceps group most likely found outside of the leg
vastus lateralis
107
a muscle called the splenius cericis is most likely found in the
neck
108
fat in bones is stored in the
yellow marrow
109
least stable type of joint
ball and socket
110
spongy bone is arranged into structures called
trabeculae
111
one step involved with bone repair is
hematoma
112
a muscle called the geniohyoid is most likely associated with the
neck
113
a muscle used to raise the tongue would be called
levator labri superior
114
this type of sweat gland produces thin, watery sweat that is the principal mechanism of thermoregulation
eccrine
115
identifies the roles of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
raise blood calcium
116
kind of joints functionally
diarthrotic
117
this theory states that sarcomeres shorten by way of myofilaments moving along one another
sliding filament theory
118
this is where calcium is released from within the muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
119
the first part of a muscle twitch is referred to as the
latent period
120
granulation tissue does NOT include cells that
transform cartilage to bone
121
this type of joint is immovable
synarthrotic
122
this type of burn extends partially through the epidermis
1st degree
123
bone not apart of pelvic girdle
acromion
