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Pharmacology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q
  • herpes genitalis
  • shingles
  • PRODRUG - CONVERTED TO ACYCLOVIR
A

Valacyclovir

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1
Q
  • herpes genitalis
  • herpes labialis
  • chickenpox
  • shingles
A

Acyclovir

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2
Q
  • herpes genitalis

- shingles

A

Famiciclovir

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3
Q
  • herpes labialis
  • ACTIVE METABOLITE OF FAMICICLOVIR
  • TOPICAL
A

Peniciclovir

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4
Q
  • prevent/treat CMV
  • retinitis
  • esophagitis
  • colitis
  • leukopenia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • liver & renal dysfunction
A

Gancyclovir

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5
Q

Prodrug of Gancyclovir

A

Valgancyclovir

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6
Q

For patients INTOLERANT/RESISTANT TO GANCYCLOVIR & OTHER CMV DRUGS

DON’T USE W/ OTHER NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS
*Does NOT require activation by VIRUS KINASE

A

Cidofovir

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7
Q
  • IV ONLY
  • CMV retinitis in AIDS
  • Does NOT require activation by VIRAL OR HOST CELL KINASE
A

Foscarnet

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8
Q

NRTI

A
  • Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  • Inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
  • are converted to their active triphosphate metabolites by host cell kinase, thus preventing synthesis of viral DNA
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9
Q
  • bone marrow suppression

- anemia

A

Zidovudine

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10
Q
  • HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV)
A

Lamivudine

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11
Q

Truvada

A

Emtricitabine + Tenofovir

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12
Q

Hyperpigmentation of the skin

A

Emtricitabine

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13
Q
  • Indicated for HIV (DOC) and HBV
A

Tenofovir

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14
Q

NNRTI

A

Nonnucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

- binds directly to reverse transcriptase and disrupts catalytic site (DOES NOT REQUIRE ACTIVATION)

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15
Q

Preferred NNRTI for HIV

A

Efavirenze

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16
Q

Rilpivirine and Nevirapine

A

Does not require activation

Many drug interactions

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17
Q

Protease inhibitor

A

Inhibits protease enzyme which is required for completion of the virion protein production.

Inhibition of protease results in nonfunctional (immature) noninfectious particles

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18
Q

Booster

A

Ritonavir

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19
Q

All protease inhibitors…

A
  • potent CYP 3A4 inhbitors and inducers
  • proton pump inhibitors
  • decrease absorption of Atazanavir
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20
Q

Inhibits the fusion of HIV w/ host cells before virus enters and begins replication; glycoprotein 41

A

Efuvirtide

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21
Q

Both inhibit the enzyme (integrase) that integrates genetic material from the virus DNA into host DNA

A

Raltegravir and Dolutegravir

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22
Q

Inhibits the binding of 3 key chemokine ligands to the cell membrane of CCR5 expression & blocks CCR5 signaling events

A

Maraviroc

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23
Q

Used for influenza; CNS (hallucinations, abnormal behavior)

A

Osetamivir

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24
Used for influenza; bronchospasms
Zanamivir
25
Inhibit enzyme neuramidase in influenza A and B
Osetamivir | Zanamivir
26
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Hepatitis C
Ribaviron
27
pegylated alpha-2b; covalent bond w/ polyethylene significantly increases half-life
Interferons and pegylated interferons
28
Inhibitor of HCV NS4/4A protease
Telaprivir
29
Inhibitor of HCV NS4/4A protease; anemia
Boceprevir
30
Bind to ergosterol in fungal membranes
Amphotericin B | Nystatin
31
Administered in combination w/ Amphotericin B
Flucytosine (not a polyene)
32
inhibitors of P450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
Azole antifungals
33
inhibits 2C9
Flucanazole
34
Contraindicated in HF
Itraconazole
35
Contraindicated w/ enzyme inducers like rifampin and carbamezepine
Voriconazole
36
Simvastatin contraindicated
Posaconazole
37
QT Prolongation
Fluconazole | Posaconazole
38
topical for seborrheic dermatitis
Ketoconazole
39
Requires acidic environment
Itraconazole | Ketoconazole
40
Candida infections of mouth, throat, vagina, and skin
Clotrimazole
41
All Azole antifungals...
inhibit 3A4
42
Inhibits ergosterol by blocking squalene monooxygenase also used for athlete's foot and nail fungus
Terbinafine
43
Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis; inhibits D-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls
CaspoFUNGIN MicaFUNGIN AnidulaFUNGIN
44
Lacquer formulation for mild forms of onychomycosis (nail infections)
Ciclopirox
45
Anaerobic infections: GIARDIASIS and C. diff
Metronidazole
46
Active against metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis; GIARDIASIS
Tinidazole
47
Prevention and treatment of malaria
Chloroquine
48
Neuropsychiatric syndrome, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Mefloquine
49
Treat Pneumoncystis jiroveci
Trimethoprim - Sulfamethaxazole (TMP-SMX) Atovaquone Pentamidine
50
prophylaxis Toxoplasma gondi infection
TMP-SMX
51
DOC for roundworm, hook worm, pinworm, whipworm
Mebendazole
52
Lice agents
Spinosad Benzyl Alcohol Malathion Pyrethroid
53
Scabies agent
Crotamiton
54
Lice and scabies agents
Ivermectin | Permethrin
55
``` FOLATE ANTAGONIST RHEUMATOID ARTHIRITIS PSORIASIS B-12 DEFICIENCY LEUCOVORIN (FOLINIC ACID) CAN PREVENT MYELOSUPPRESSION and oral ulcers but cannot reverse them ```
Methotrexate
56
Purine antagonist
Mercaptopurine
57
Purine agonist
Fludarabine
58
Pyrimidine antagonist; crosses BBB
Cytarabine
59
Pyrimidine antagonist; stomatitis (oral ulcers), B12 AND FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Fluorouracil
60
Prodrug converted to 5-FU; palmar-plantar erythrodysethesia
Capecitabine
61
Gemcitabine
Pyrimadine antagonist
62
Alkylating agents; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTS; HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS reduced by hydration (fluids) and administration of mesna
Cyclophosphamide Chlorambucil Melphalan
63
inhibition of topoisomerase II; breast cancer
Doxorubicin
64
pulmonary fibrosis, stomatitis
Bleomycin
65
blocks assembly of microtubules
Vincristine | Vinblastine
66
promote microtubule assembly, prevents microtubule disassembly
Paclitaxel
67
inibits topoisomerase II
Etoposides
68
inhibits topoisomerase I; causes diarrhea
Irenotecan
69
breast cancer; binds to human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2); cardiomyopathy
Trastuzumab
70
colon cancer; binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (EGFR), thromboembolic effects
Bevacizumab | Cetuximab
71
Mostly 3A4 inhibitors and inducers
Imatinib ti- inhib = tyrosine inhibitor
72
prevents antigen acces to CD3 receptor and prevents T cell activation
Muromonab CD3
73
Prevention of RSV infection in infants w/ bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
Palizumab
74
Prevent rejection of organ transplants; psoriasis and dry eyes; metabolized by 3A4
TACROLIMUS | Cyclosporine

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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