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Pharmacology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Bethanecol

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
  • Contraindications
    peptic ulcers
    gastrointestinal obstruction
    urinary obstruction
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2
Q

Cevimeline

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Sjogren’s syndrome
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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • Cholinergic Agonist
  • Direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    open angle glycoma
    produce miosis during ophthalmic surgery
    decreased night vision
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4
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    used in differential diagnosis of muscle weakness (suspected myasthenia gravis)
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5
Q

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Myasthenia gravis
    Antidote - nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents toxicity - reverse the effects of paralyzing agents
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6
Q

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

A
  • Cholinergic agonists
  • Indirect acting cholinesterase inhibitor
    Alzheimer’s disease
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7
Q

Minimum of 24-48 hours must pass before nitrates can be used

A

Taladafil

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8
Q

Avanafil
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

A
  • Cholinergic agnonist
  • 5-Phosphodiester inhibitor
    Erectile dysfunction
    Drug interaction w/ nitrates/nitroglycerine; nitrates increase nitric oxide which increases cyclic GMP
    Alpha 1 may lead to hypotension
    3A4 inhibitors - increase levels of PDE5 inhibitors
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9
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • Cholinergic agonist
  • Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
    Highly lipid soluble - toxicity can occur after dermal exposure
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10
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BHP)

A

Tadalafil

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11
Q

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

A

Sildenafil

Tadalafil

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12
Q

Ipratropium

A

Cholinergic antagonist
COPD
Short Acting

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13
Q

Atropine

A 
Cholinergic antagonist
Produces mydriasis
DOC for bradycardia
Used to treat iritis, cyclitis
Associated w/ infection, trauma, surgery (reduce muscle spasm and pain)
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14
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

Intestinal spasms

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15
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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16
Q

Tolterodine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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17
Q

Solifenacin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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18
Q

Aclidinium

A

Cholinergic antagonist
COPD
Long acting

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19
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cholinergic antagonist

Prevent motion sickness

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20
Q

Trospium

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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21
Q

Darifenacin

A

Cholinergic antagonist

OAB

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22
Q

Overdose symptoms of cholinergic antagonists

A

Hot
Dry
Red
Mad

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23
Q

Atracurium
Mivacurium
Vercuronium

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Nicotinic antagonists (neuromuscular blockers)
  • Competitive antagonist of Ach and NM receptors
    Induce muscle relaxation during surgery, facilitate intubation
  • Potentiated by various inhalation anesthetic agents
  • Potentiated by aminoglycosides and calcium channel blockers (CCB)
  • Effects more pronounced in patients w/ neuromuscular disorders (myasthenia gravis)
24
Q

Adverse effects / contraindications of cholinergic antagonists

Study These Flashcards
A 
Causes constipation
Do not use in:
intestinal obstruction
urinary obstruction
Caution w/ GERD and patients w/ dementia
25
Succinylcholine
Nicotinic antagonists (neuromuscular blockers) - Depolarizing - Binds to NM receptors and causes persistent depolarization of motor end plate - NOT REVERSED BY CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR (NO ANTIDOTE) - Do not use in individuals w/ ATYPICAL CHOLINESTERASE (prolonged apnea and neuromuscular paralysis)
26
Norepinephrine
- Adrenergic agonist - Catecholamine - Beta 1 > Beta 2 vasoconstriction and increase peripheral resistance - Used for shock when organ function is impaired due to low BP - Fluid accumulation
27
Epinephrine
- Adrenergic agonist - Catecholamine - Potent agonist for both Alpha and Beta receptors - Increases systolic and decreases diastolic at lower doses - Anaphylactic shock - Vasoconstriction: reduces bleeding and prolong action of local anesthesia - Pulseless Rhythm
28
Isoproterenol
- Adrenergic agonist - Catecholamine - Activates both Beta - Causes tachycardia and arrhythmias
29
Dobutamine
- Adrenergic agonist - Catecholamine - B1 > B2 > a Stimulates B1 but has minor effects on B2 and a receptors Increase CO and decrease vascular resistance (B2) - Acute heart failure
30
Dopamine
- Adrenergic agonist - Catecholamine - D1 > B1 > a1 D1 - low doses, vasodilation, increases renal flow B1 - slightly higher doses, increases CO B2 - Even higher doses, vasoconstriction - Used for septic and cardiogenic shock
31
Midodrine
- Adrenergic agonist - Noncatecholamine a1 agonist - Orthostatic hypotension Can cause hypertension
32
Phenylephrine
- Adrenergic agonist - Noncatecholamine Selective a1 agonist Vasoconstriction and ocular (mydriasis) Maintain BP during surgery Makes BPH worse Increases intraocular pressure
33
Albuterol
- Adrenergic Agonist - Short acting Beta 2 agonist Inhalation Asthma, COPD
34
Formoterol
- Adrenergic agonist - Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist Asthma, COPD
35
Indacaterol
- Adrenergic agonist - Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist COPD only
36
Mirabegron
- Adrenergic agonist - Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist B3 agonist Relaxes detrusor muscle during storage phase of urinary bladder fill-void cycle Treatment of OAB Increases BP, UTI
37
Apraclonidine | Brimonidine
- Adrenergic Agonist - Imidazoline Ocular a2 Reduces aqueous humor secretion Used for open angle glaucoma
38
Salmeterol
- Adrenergic agonist - Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist Asthma, COPD Avoid in 3A4 inhibitors (clindamycin) - due to increased risk of cardiovascular effects
39
Clonidine
- Adrenergic Agonist - Imidazoline a2 in CNS Mediate reduction of sympathetic outflow from CNS - Hypertensive emergency - Long acting for ADHD
40
Facial Erythema of Rosacea
Brimonidine
41
Amphetamine
- Adrenergic Agonist - Indirect-acting adrenergic Increases NE and dopamine release in CNS and peripheral - vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, increase BP, CNS stimulation - Narcolepsy - ADHD
42
Phentolamine
- Adrenergic antagonist - nonselective Alpha antagonist Blocks a1 and a2, vasodilation - Hypertensive episodes
43
Pseudophedrine
- Adrenergic Agonist - Mixed-acting adrenergic Activates a, very little Beta - Nasal decongestant
44
Cocaine
- Adrenergic Agonist - Indirect-acting adrenergic Increases NE and dopamine by inhibiting reuptake
45
Drugs not preferred as single drug regimen for HTN
Doxazosin | Terazosin
46
Metoprolol
- Adrenergic antagonist | - Selective Beta antagonist
47
Tamsulosin
Uroselective, causes less vasodilation | Only indicated in BPH
48
Doxazosin Terazosin Tamsulosin
- Adrenergic antagonist - Selective Alpha antagonist Blocks a1 receptors Relaxes vascular and other smooth muscles of bladder and prostate - First dose syncope - Inoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome - Asthenia
49
Propanol | Timolol
- Adrenergic antagonist - Nonselective Beta antagonist Blockade of B1 - reduces negative chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic effect - reduces renin secretion - Masks signs of hypoglycemia - Reduces aqueous humor secretion Blockade of B2 - Bronchoconstriction - Inhibits glyogenolysis
50
Tiotropium
Cholinergic Antagonist COPD Long acting
51
Timolol
- Adrenergic antagonist | - Nonselective Beta antagonist
52
Atenolol
- Adrenergic antagonist | - Selective Beta antagonist
53
Nebivolol
- Adrenergic antagonist - Selective Beta antagonist Causes vasoconstriction by increasing release of NO
54
Carvedilol
- Adrenergic antagonist - Alpha and non-selective Beta antagonist Heart failure Fatigue
55
Labetalol
- Adrenergic antagonist | - Alpha and non-selective Beta antagonist
56
Metoprolol XL
- Adrenergic antagonist - Selective Beta antagonist Indicated for HEART FAILURE
57
Precautions w/ Alpha and Beta Antagonists
- Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes - Should be avoided in ACUTE SETTING OF COCAINE TOXICITY in patients w/ cocaine-associated chest pain and/or MI - Do not abruptly disontinue

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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