Exam 2

Question 1

The phospholipid bilayer, maintain the fluidity

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

Helps us maintain heat

Answer 2

thermal insulator

Question 3

The basis for hormone synthesis

Answer 3

chloresterol

Question 4

Simple C-H chain that terminates in carboxyl group

Answer 4

fatty acid

Question 5

Lipids are composed mainly of

Answer 5

carbon-hydrogen bond

Question 6

Carbon-carbon double bonds fatty acid

Answer 6

Unsaturated

Question 7

No double bond fatty acid

Answer 7

Saturated

Question 8

Configuration that both hydrogen atoms on the same side of double bond, can cause a bend in molecular structure, increase space that require when pack together, more fluid

Answer 8

cis configuration

Question 9

triglycerides that oil at RT and a plant source

Answer 9

unsaturated

Question 10

Configuration that has physical properties similar to saturated fatty acid, not common in nature

Answer 10

trans configuration

Question 11

unsaturated steroid alcohol, synthesis by animals, amphipathic, plant-phytosterols

Answer 11

cholesterol

Question 12

delivery fuel to peripheral cell, amphipathic cholesterol and phospholipid on the surface, hydrophobic and neutral triglyceride and cholesterol esters on the inside

Answer 12

lipoproteins

Question 13

help maintain structural integrity on lipoproteins, serve as ligands, activators and inhibitors of various enzymes

Answer 13

apolipoproteins

Question 14

hyaluronidase is added to which fluid prior to analysis

Answer 14

synovial

Question 15

what is the reference range for fasting glucose

Answer 15

70-99

Question 16

which of the following Ha1c result would best correspond to 126

Answer 16

6%

Question 17

most abundant cation in ECF and determines the osmolarity of plasma

Answer 17

sodium

Question 18

expected pO2 arterial circulation

Answer 18

90mmHg

Question 19

does not describe phospholipid

Answer 19

unsaturation steroid alcohol

Question 20

CSF electrophoresis is used for diagnosis of

Answer 20

multiple sclerosis

Question 21

conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for production of energy is called

Answer 21

glycolysis

Question 22

lipoproteins that transports exogenous triglycerides

Answer 22

chylomicron

Question 23

which type of tube can not be run on electrolytes

Answer 23

lavender

Question 24

patient has a glucose of 150 what would you expect their CSF glucose

Answer 24

92

Question 25

equation for calculate LDL

Answer 25

total protein - hdl - trg/5

Question 26

byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, monitoring in ill patient, avoid tourniquet

Answer 26

lactase

Question 27

non-reducing sugar

Answer 27

sucrose

Question 28

what is the index value of csf to sereum albumin to indicate an intact blood brain barrier

Answer 28

<9

Question 29

csf glucose should be how much of serum glucose

Answer 29

60-70%

Question 30

hormone that does not regulate calcium AVP PTH vitamin D calcitonin

Answer 30

AVP

Question 31

Full compensation of bicarb:carbonic

Answer 31

20:1

Question 32

CSF protein should be how much of serum protein

Answer 32

0.5-1%

Question 33

lipids composes mainly of which bonds

Answer 33

carbon-hydrogen

Question 34

produce by intestine, transports exogenous triglycerides, hydrophobic core

Answer 34

chylomicrons

Question 35

produced by liver, major carrier of endogenous triglycerides, hydrophobic core

Answer 35

VLDL

Question 36

synthesized from VLDL in blood circulation

Answer 36

LDL

Question 37

synthesize by both liver and intestine, reverse cholesterol transport, smallest

Answer 37

HDL

Question 38

group of condition causing arteries to build up

Answer 38

arterioclerosis

Question 39

specific type of arteriosclerosis

Answer 39

atherosclerosis

Question 40

osmolal gap

Answer 40

difference between calculated and determined osmolality, should be less than 5-10 units

Question 41

the major intracellular cation in body, concentration 20 times greater inside than the outside

Answer 41

potassium

Question 42

a sic walt

Answer 42

hypokalemia

Question 43

murder

Answer 43

hyperkalemia

Question 44

major extracellular anion, maintain osmolality, blood volume

Answer 44

chloride

Question 45

second most abundant anion in ECF

Answer 45

bicarb

Question 46

4th most abundant cation in body, second intracellularly

Answer 46

Magnesium

Question 47

essential for myocardial contraction, part of bones

Answer 47

calcium

Question 48

found everywhere in living cells, participates in key biochemical processes, 80% in bone

Answer 48

phosphorus

Question 49

Phosphate: reabsorption inhibited by PTH Calcium: reabsorbed under influence of PTH Magnesium: reabsorption occurs in Henle’s loop Sodium: reabsorbed through three mechanisms Chloride: reabsorbed by passive transport in proximal tubule Potassium: reabsorbed by two mechanisms Bicarbonate: recovered from glomerular filtrate

Answer 49

renal tubules

Question 50

classification based on e properties – Size of base carbon chain – Location of the CO function group – Number of sugar units – Stereochemistry of the compound

Answer 50

carbohydrate

Question 51

2 forms of carbohydrate

Answer 51

aldose, ketose

Question 52

Formed when two monosaccharide units are joined by a glycosidic linkage. During hydrolysis split into two monosaccharides by disaccharide enzymes

Answer 52

disaccharides

Question 53

structure that linkage of many monosaccharides

Answer 53

polysaccharides

Question 54

the stored form of glucose that's made up of many connected glucose molecules

Answer 54

glycogen

Question 55

breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Answer 55

glycogenolysis

Question 56

formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non carbohydrate sources

Answer 56

gluconeogenesis

Question 57

conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Answer 57

glycogenesis

Question 58

insulin from pancreatic beta cells

Answer 58

fed state

Question 59

glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells

Answer 59

fasting state

Question 60

HbA1c> 6.5% fasting plasma glucose >126 2h plasma glucose >200 random plasma glucose >200

Answer 60

diabetes mellitus

Question 61

epinephrine from adrenal medulla

Answer 61

fight or flight

Question 62

> 140 mg/dL one hour after 50-g glucose load screening TWO of four results abnormal in 100 g glucose load test: fasting plasma glucose > 95 mg/dL > 180 mg/dL at 1 hr > 155 mg/dL at 2 hrs > 140 mg/dL at 3 hrs

Answer 62

gestational diabetes

Question 63

irreversible reaction occurring throughout the 120-day life span of RBC reflects timed average [glucose] over previous 4-8 weeks

Answer 63

Glycated hemoglobin

Question 64

4 main markers of CSF

Answer 64

glucose, protein, lactate, glutamine

Question 65

CSF prealbumin higher concentrations than serum is consider

Answer 65

normal

Question 66

Normal value of index of CSF IgnG

Answer 66

<0.73

Question 67

Formed by the combination of ammonia and glutamate, Elevated in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 67

glutamine