Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

capping > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

who was Jenny the orangutan

A
  • appeared to be a normal girl
  • wore a girls dress, sat at a table, used a spoon to eat, understood directions, and knew what she wasn’t allowed to do
  • darwin’s attention was captured and he no longer was concerned with the structure of consciousness, but its function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is functionalism

A

concerned with how the mind functions and how it is used to adapt to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what did lamarck think about evolution

A

theory that ephasized modifications to bodily form in order to adapt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what did lyell think about evolution

A

earth had passed through various stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what was the zeitgeist of the time

A

scientists were learning more about biology and the species that live on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what was darwins evidence of evolution

A
  1. fossil record
  2. selective breeding programs
  3. similarities between structures of living species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the fundamental points of darwins “on the origin of species”

A
  • natural selection of traits best suited for the environment
  • survival of the fittest
  • variation is a law of heredity
  • the finches beaks shows evolution at work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what was darwins influence on psychology

A
  • animal psychology
  • emphasis on the functions of consciousness
  • acceptance of methods and data from many fields
  • focused on the description and measurement of individual differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what was galtons idea

A

individual differences
- worked on mental inheritance and individual differences in human capacities
- first to come up with statistical tests
- mental characteristics follow a normal distribution
- proposed eugenics
- assumed intelligence can be measured with motor capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the association of ideas

A

Galton
researched the diversity and RT off associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is mental imagery

A

Galton
mental imagery fits a normal curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is arithmetic by smell

A

Galton
attempt to count by odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who was george john romanes

A
  • wrote the first book on comparative psychology
  • developed the mental ladder where he ordered animals in terms of mental functioning
  • termed introspection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who was c lloyd morgan

A

believed animal behavior should not be overestimated to higher mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was morgans cannon

A

animal behavior must not be attributed to a higher mental process when it can be explain in terms of a lower mental process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who was herbert spencer

A

he had neurotic symptoms and used opium as a remedy for insomnia
- social darwinism: the development of all aspects of the universe is evolutionary
- proposed that “survival of the fittest” should operate freely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why did Spencer take his ideas to america

A

social darwinism is compatible with american values and individualistic spirit

synthetic philosophy: knowledge explained by evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who was samuel Butler

A

machines evolve like humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what were Holleriths punch cards

A

a new way of processing information so that the census can be more efficient
- a machine punches holes and counts it to tally stats
- now known as IBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

who was william james

A

father of american psych
- stream of consciousness: mind is a flowing process
- pragmatism: truth based on practical consequences
- theory of emotions: arousal of physical response precedes appearance of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what was james three part self

A

material: everything unique our own
social: recognition we get from others
spiritual: our inner and subjective being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what was james idea of habit

A

repetitive actions increase plasticity of neural matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

who was mary calkins

A

student of james
- developed paired associate technique
- contested the variability hypothesis (idea that men have wider range of physical and mental development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

who was helen woolley

A

tested the notion that women were biologically inferior to men
- found that there were no sex differences in emotional functioning or intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
who was leta hollingworth
- data refuted vairability hypothesis - ex: found periods were not related to performance deficits
26
who was granville hall
- first american doctoral degree - first psych lab in the US - growth of the mind involved evolutionary stages
27
what was halls recapitulation theory
children repeat the life history of the human race
28
what does functionalism have an emphasis on
- mental functions: real world problems - how people function and adapt to different environments
29
who were the three psychologists who contributed to the founding of functionalism
James, Dewey, Angell
30
What was deweys idea of practical orientation
applying psych to educational and philosophical problems
31
what were deweys most important work
the reflec arc - neither behavior or consciousness experience can be reduced to elements
32
what was angells goal of psycholgoy
study of how the midn assists the organism in adjusting to its environment
33
what were three major themes of the functionalist movement
- the psychology of mental operations - the psychology of fundamental utilities of consciousness - the psychology of mind body relations
34
who else contributed to functionalism at Columbia
Cattell and Thorndike
35
what did cattell research
worked on mental tests that embodied the american functionalist spirit
36
what did thorndike research
problems of animal learning reinforced obejctivity
37
who was woodworth
dynamic psychology: motivation of behavior
38
what were criticisms of functionalism
any approach to psychology that deviated from an introspective analysis of the mind was not considered true psychology
39
what was functionalism
mental activity and the function of it to evaluate experiences and use these to determine action
40
FDA Coca cola raid
caffeine was found in the syrup base for coca cola which was seen as hazardous and habit forming, so they recruited harry hollingworth to conduct research and he insisted that they need higher ethical standards. the results found that there were no harmful effects or declines in performance
41
what were economic influences on applied psychology
job opportunities in academia were quickly being filled, so phd grads needed to look beyond
42
What did hall propose
psychology needs to make an influence outside of university - education - industry - testin - mental health - criminal justice
43
who was mental testing best represented by
cattell - promoted a practical test oriented approach to the study - concerned with human abilities rather than consciousnes - reaction time - mental tests of motor skills and sensory capacities
44
what did binet develop
the first true psychological test of mental ability
45
who was terman
studied with hall invented the iq test
46
what were ideas from medicine and engineering
used language to show people it was just as scientific as more established sciences
47
racial differences in intelligence
iq testing showed racial differences which was later determined to be environmental not biological
48
who was goodendough
draw a man test
49
Maude james
wrote the revision of the standord-binet intelligence test
50
psyche cattell
cattell infant intelligence scale
51
anne anastasi
test guru
52
who was witmer
first psych clinic - clinical psychology
53
how did clinical psych change with the world war ii
many draftees had anxiety, depression, anger, unstable
54
walter scott
first to apply psych to management and advertising - argues that because consumers do not act rationally, they can be easily influenced
55
how did wwi influence io psych
increase in popularity of io psych - evaluated job wualifications of soldiers
56
how did wwii impact iopsych
brought psychologists into war for testing and classifying recruits
57
what were the hawthrone studies
investiation of the effects of the physical worke nvironment - social workplace more important than physical
58
lillian gilbreth
ideas applied to the organization of the home like shelves inside fridge
59
hugo munsterberg
forensic psychology psychotherapy industrial psych
60
what was little albert study
watson and rayner - while a child is distracted, watson strikes a steel rod with a hammer - once the strike is paired with a neutral stimuli (white rat), stimuli begins to cause fear response
61
who was watson
founded behaviorism - rejected introspection and mentalism - insisted psych should just be about what can be observed
62
what are three primary learned reactions
fear -produced by loud noises rage - restriction of bodily movements love - rocking, patting
63
what was thorndikes puzzle box
placed hungry cat in box to see how long it would take for the cat to activate the lever to be fed - trial and error learning
64
what is the law of effect
acts that produce satisfaction in a given situation become associated with that situation
65
law of exercise
the more an act or response is used, the more strongly the act becomes associated with that situation
66
who was mary cover-jones
conducts study with boy who already has fear of rabbits - conditions him to be desensitized to the fear
67
who was lashley
law of mass action principle of equipotentiality
68
who was mcdougall
foceful opponent of watson - instinct theory of behavior: innate tendencies to thought and action
69
what did dewey promote to directly challenge structuralism
applied psychology
70
who said psychology would only deal with acts that can be described obejctively
watson
71
who first developed the intelligence test
binet
72
what was a consequcne of darwins work for psycholoy
a focus on individual differences
73
which idea states that the efficiency of learning is a function of the mass of the cortex
law of mass action
74
what was new about darwins work
hard data to support a theory
75
why didnt wundt and titchenres system survive in the us
they were not pragmatic
76
what was cattell a strong proponent of
eugenics
77
who were the first techniques of psychological therapy used b
witmer
78

capping (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions