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BISC004 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine (3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum)
  • Large Intestine (Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus.)
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2
Q

Enzymes are?

A

Protein in nature

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3
Q

Purpose of digestive system?

A

To digest food so we get energy

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4
Q

Accessory Organs Food doesn’t pass in any of these

A
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Liver - Produces a chemical compound called BILE which is stored in the gall bladder
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
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5
Q

Pancreas has in it a number of cells…

A
  • 99% are called acini cells that help produce digestive substances
  • 1% is responsible for endocrine
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6
Q

3 cavities in our body

A
  1. Chest cavity called THORAXIC (esophagus, lungs and heart)
  2. DIAPHRAM
  3. ABDOMINO PELVIC (majority of gastrointestinal organs are here)
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7
Q

How are organs performed?

A

Different types of tissues get together

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8
Q

What is the hole in the gastrointestinal tract called?

A

Lumen

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9
Q

In Mucosa…

A

…there are layers of different types of tissues

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10
Q

Section of gastrointestinal tract

A
  1. Lumen
  2. Mucosa
  3. Submucosa (has different types of glands)
  4. Muscularis (has circular and longitudinal muscles, so we feel pain)
  5. Serosa (made of loose connective tissue and epithelium)
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11
Q

Most arteries have…

A

Oxygenated blood

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12
Q

Most veins have…

A

deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

Thoraxic cavity has…

A

…lungs, heart and esophagus.

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14
Q

Heart is surrounded by?

A

Fat which protects it

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15
Q

The muscle of the heart is called?

A

Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium) has lots of protein which makes it strong

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16
Q

Between the muscle fibers in the heart is called?

A

Inter-calated disc

Inter-calated disc and the spaces help the cardiac muscles contract and expand

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17
Q

How deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated?

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood goes into right atrium by superior vena cave and inferior vena cava
  2. deoxygenated blood is pumped by the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
  3. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
  4. Oxygenated blood pumps into the aorta from the left ventricle
  5. Left ventricle contracts, send blood through aortic semilunar valve into aorta
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18
Q

How electricity is generated?

A
  1. Electricity generated at sinoatrial node –> atrioventicular node
  2. Electricity runs down septum to BUNDLE OF HIS
  3. Goes to Cardiact muscles on sides known as PURKINJE fibres
    * *Purkinje fibers are electrical cords running in the cardiac muscles for electricity**
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19
Q

All the deoxygenated blood from the upper region of body goes through?

A

Superior Vena Cava

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20
Q

All the deoxygenated blood from the lower region of body goes through?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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21
Q

The pulmonary artery carries?

A

Deoxygenated blood

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22
Q

The pulmonary vein carries?

A

Oxygenated blood

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23
Q

The semi-lunar valve

A

Is how blood goes to the lungs

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24
Q

Electocardiogram?

Study These Flashcards
A

The electrical system in the heart making it contract and expand

25
The atria are...
...much smaller than the ventricles.
26
Because of electricity...
...the atria contracts--->blood flows to ventricles --> blood vessels
27
The P Wave?
Contraction of Atria
28
A normal electocardiogram will not?
Record the expansion of the Atria
29
The QRS Wave
Contraction of the ventricles
30
T Wave
Expansion of Ventricle
31
Cardiac Cycle?
From Atria to Ventricle, from P Wave to T Wave. This takes .85 seconds.
32
Blood is a...?
Connective tissue
33
What is the matrix of blood?
Plasma
34
5 types of Leukocytes?
Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Lymphocyte
35
Function of Erythrocytes?
Carries hemoglobin
36
Function of Leukocytes
all for our immune system to kill bacteria and viruses
37
Antigens?
Are on the erythrocyte cell membrane
38
Antibodies?
Is protein found in plasma
39
Rh Factor
Is protein also located in plasma | First found in monkeys
40
Type A Blood
Red blood cells have Type A antigens. Plasma has anti-B antibodies
41
Type B Blood
Red blood cells have type B antigens. Plasma has anti-A antibodies
42
Type AB
Red blood cells have Type A and B antigens and has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies
43
Type O
Red blood cells has no type A or type B antigens. Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
44
In blood plasma is...
...55% and 45% is made of other blood cells and structures.
45
Sickle Celled Anemia
Erythrocyte isn't it's normal shape, becomes slanted, means no hemoglobin so gases can't be carried
46
Blood also has the capability to?
Clot, if it didn't we would bleed to death
47
Thrombocytes ?
Bits and pieces of cells in blood
48
Fibrinogen?
Is a protein, settles like mesh, known as Fibrin
49
How is Fibrin (mesh work formed)?
Thrombocytes and Fibrinogen react with other compounds to make Fibrin
50
How Air passes through?
- Nasal Cavity - Pharynx - Larynx (there are 9 cartilages that form meshwork (voice box) - Trachea (stands up straight because of C-shaped cartilage) - Trachea splits into two primary bronchus (right and left - Lungs
51
In left lungs there is an indent called?
Cardiac notch (because heart is tilted to the left)
52
What happens in lungs?
Trachea splits into: primary bronchus--> splits into secondary bronchus --> splits to tertiary bronchus --> fine tubes called BRONCHIOLES
53
The Bronchioles spread into?
Alveolar ducts which have alveolar sacs Branchioles --> alveolar ducts --> alveolar sac --> alveoli (is covered with blood vessels)
54
How many alveoli do we have?
300 million
55
The alveoli is...?
...the last bit of lungs where exchange of gases takes place
56
What is in Alveolus that eats all the dirt and toxins to clear lungs?
Alveolar macrophage
57
What is the chemical compound in alveoli that keeps it open so air can pass through?
Surfactant
58
What makes blood type?
Antigens
59
What makes blood positive?
Rh Factor

BISC004 (5 decks)

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