Exam 2 Flashcards by Lauren Bruehl

Q

Levodopa

A

Anti-Parkinson Drug
Increases content of DA vesicles and DA released
Increased activation of postsynaptic receptors

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Q

Apomorphine

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Resagiline

A

MAOI
Inhibition of MAO to increase DA storage in vesicles
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Amantadine

A

Dopamine agonist
Induce dopamine release - MOA unknown
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Carbidopa

A

Taken up by peripheral noradrenergic neurons
Prevents I-DOPA from being processed by those neurons
Allows all I-DOPA to be taken up by the brain
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Entacapone

A

COMT Inhibitor
Inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase
Increases bio-availability of levodopa
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Benztropine

A

Antimuscarinic agent
Blocks cholinergic receptors
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Pramipexole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Trihexphenidyl

A

Antimuscarinic agent
Blocks cholinergic receptors
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Ropinirole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Biperiden

A

Antimuscarinic agent
Blocks cholinergic receptors
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Rotigotine

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Selegiline

A

MAOI
Inhibition of MAO to increase DA storage in vesicles
Anti-Parkinson Drug

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Q

Donepexil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor
Bind reversibly to acetylcholinesterase
Lead to increase of acetylcholine int he synapse
Treatment of Alzheimer’s

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Q

Memantine

A

NMDA (glutamatergic) receptor antagonist
Bind to glutamine receptors on the post-synaptic neuron
Prevent binding of glutamine

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Q

Galantamine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor
Bind reversibly to acetylcholinesterase
Lead to increase of acetylcholine int he synapse
Treatment of Alzheimer’s

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Q

Rivastigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor
Bind reversibly to acetylcholinesterase
Lead to increase of acetylcholine int he synapse
Treatment of Alzheimer’s

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Q

Caffeine

A

Methylxanthine
Blockade of adenosine receptors in CNS
Adenosine inhibits dopamine release
Indirectly enhances dopamine transmission

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Q

Nicotine

A

Parasympathetic agonist
Low doses cause ganglionic stimulation
High doses cause ganglionic blockade

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Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks reuptake of monoamines (serotonin, NE, DA)

Prolongs the effect of these neurotransmitters

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Q

Theophylline

A

Methylxanthine
Blockade of adenosine receptors in CNS
Adenosine inhibits dopamine release
Indirectly enhances dopamine transmission

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Q

Amphetamine

A

Amphetamine
Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA
Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles)
Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme
Also inhibits MAO

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Q

Varencline

A

Parasympathetic agonist
Partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in CNS
Produces less of an effect than nicotine

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Q

Armodafinil

A

Amphetamine: specific for the dopamine transporter
Prevents reuptake of dopamine
Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA
Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles)
Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme
Also inhibits MAO

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Hallucinogen | Serotonin agonist activity; activation of sympathetic nervous system

Lisdexamfetamine

Amphetamine Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles) Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme Also inhibits MAO

Dexmethylphenidate

Amphetamine Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles) Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme Also inhibits MAO

Dronabinol

Hallucinogen Increases calcium; stimulates production of endocannabinoids Bind to cannabinoid receptors on presynaptic neuron Decrease release of inhibitory molecules (ie GABA)

Methylphenidate

Amphetamine Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles) Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme Also inhibits MAO

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Hallucinogen Inhibits reuptake of dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine Blocks NMDA glutamate receptor; prevents passage of calcium

Modafinil

Amphetamine: specific for the dopamine transporter Prevents reuptake of dopamine Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles) Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme Also inhibits MAO

Dextroamphetamine

Amphetamine Substrate for the enzyme responsible for reuptake of NE and DA Not metabolized by MAO; stored in neurotransmitter storage vesicles (leaves NE and DA out of vesicles) Causes release of intracellular stores of neurotransmitter via a reversal of the reuptake enzyme Also inhibits MAO

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Hallucinogen Increases calcium; stimulates production of endocannabinoids Bind to cannabinoid receptors on presynaptic neuron Decrease release of inhibitory molecules (ie GABA)

Fentanyl

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Codeine

Weak opioid agonist

Heroin

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Hydromorphone

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Tramadol

Mixed mechanism opioid

Levorphanol

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Meperidine

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Naloxone

Opioid antagonist

Methadone

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Morphine

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Oxycodone

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Buprenorphine

Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist

Oxymorphone

Opioid agonist Activation of opioid receptors leads to inhibition of adenyl cyclase and a decrease in the concentration of cAMP Results in an increase in K conductance and a decrease in Ca conductance

Nalbuphine

Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist

Antacids

Preanesthetic medication

Desflurane

Inhaled general anesthetic

Anticholinergics

Preanesthetic medication

Barbituates

Intravenous general anesthetic

Antiemetics

Preanesthetic medication

Isoflurane

Inhaled general anesthetic

Antihistimines

Preanesthetic medication

Benzodiazepines

Preanesthetic medication; Intravenous general anesthetic

Nitrous oxide

Inhaled general anesthetic

Opioids

Preanesthetic medication

Articaine

Local anesthetic

Etomidate

Intravenous general anesthetic

Ketamine

Intravenous general anesthetic

Sevoflurane

Inhaled general anesthetic

Benoxinate

Local anesthetic

Bupivacaine

Local anesthetic

Opioids

Intravenous general anesthetic

Propofol

Intravenous general anesthetic

Lidocaine

Local anesthetic

Mepivacaine

Local anesthetic

Procaine

Local anesthetic

Proparacaine

Local anesthetic

Tetracaine

Local anesthetic

Succinylcholine

Depolarizing agent Reacts with the nicotinic receptor to open the ion channel and cause depolarization; flaccid paralysis results Skeletal muscle relaxant

Baclofen

Centrally acting spasmolytic drug Agonist at GABA-B receptors; results in hyperpolarization and reduction of the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord Skeletal muscle relaxant

Dantrolene

Direct-acting muscle relaxant Reduces skeletal muscle strength by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fibers Prevents release of calcium by blocking the channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Skeletal muscle relaxant

Diazepam

Centrally acting spasmolytic drug; also a benzodiazepine Skeletal muscle relaxant Facilitates the action of GABA; reduces muscle tone

Atracurium

Non-depolarizing agent Compete with Ach for binding site; will enter and block the ion channel at high doses Skeletal muscle relaxant

Cistracurium

Non-depolarizing agent Compete with Ach for binding site; will enter and block the ion channel at high doses Skeletal muscle relaxant

Tizanidine

Centrally acting spasmolytic drug Alpha 2 agonist Skeletal muscle relaxant

Rocuronium

Non-depolarizing agent Compete with Ach for binding site; will enter and block the ion channel at high doses Skeletal muscle relaxant

Vecuronium

Non-depolarizing agent Compete with Ach for binding site; will enter and block the ion channel at high doses Skeletal muscle relaxant