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Pharmacology II > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Betamethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory; also used to regulate lung maturation

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2
Q

Cortisone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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3
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Used to diagnose Cushing syndrome or regulate lung maturation
Anti-inflammatory

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4
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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5
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Used to treat Addison disease or secondary/tertiary adrenocortical insufficiency
Anti-inflammatory

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6
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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7
Q

Prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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8
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Corticosteroid
Bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors; Receptor-hormone complex regulates gene transcription
Anti-inflammatory

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10
Q

Eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antagonist; Competes for mineralocorticoid receptor

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11
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Strongly inhibits all gonadal and adrenal steroid hormone synthesis
Used to treat Cushing syndrome

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12
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist; Competes for mineralocorticoid receptor

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13
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Interacts with prostaglandin receptors on parietal cells; reduces gastric acid secretion; stimulates mucous and bicarbonate production
Used to protect mucosal lining of stomach during NSAID treatment or labor induction

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14
Q

Illoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogs

Activates prostacyclin receptors and increases production of cAMP (pulmonary vasodilator)

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15
Q

Latanoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Bind to prostaglandin FP receptors and increase uveoscleral outflow
Causes reduction in IOP
Side effects: blurred vision, increased iris pigmentation, increased eyelashes, eye redness/irritation

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16
Q

Travoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Bind to prostaglandin FP receptors and increase uveoscleral outflow
Causes reduction in IOP
Side effects: blurred vision, increased iris pigmentation, increased eyelashes, eye redness/irritation

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17
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogs
Bind to prostaglandin FP receptors and increase uveoscleral outflow
Causes reduction in IOP
Side effects: blurred vision, increased iris pigmentation, increased eyelashes, eye redness/irritation

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18
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID
Irreversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase
Esterases rapidly break down into salicylate, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties

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19
Q

Celecoxib

A

NSAID
Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis
Selective for COX-2

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20
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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21
Q

Diflunisal

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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22
Q

Etodolac

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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23
Q

Meclofenamate

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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24
Q

Fenoprofen

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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25
Q

Flurbiprofen

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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26
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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27
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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28
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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29
Q

Ketoprofen

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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30
Q

Meloxicam

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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31
Q

Nabumetone

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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32
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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33
Q

Oxaprozin

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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34
Q

Piroxicam

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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35
Q

Sulindac

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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36
Q

Tolmetin

A

NSAID

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes; leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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37
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Other analgesic
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS (less effective in peripheral tissues)
Weak anti-inflammatory activity

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38
Q

Adalimumab

A

Arthritis drug
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Often given with methotrexate
Subcutaneous or IV administration

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39
Q

Anakinra

A

Arthritis drug

IL-1 antagonist

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40
Q

Certolizumab

A

Arthritis drug
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Often given with methotrexate
Subcutaneous or IV administration

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41
Q

Chloroquine

A

Arthritis drug
Inhibits phospholipase A2; anti-inflammatory properties
Also anti-malarial

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42
Q

Etanercept

A

Arthritis drug
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Often given with methotrexate
Subcutaneous or IV administration

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43
Q

Gold salts

A

Arthritis drug

Taken up by macrophages; suppresses phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activity

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44
Q

Golimumab

A

Arthritis drug
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Often given with methotrexate
Subcutaneous or IV administration

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45
Q

Inflixamab

A

Arthritis drug
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Often given with methotrexate
Subcutaneous or IV administration

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46
Q

Leflunomide

A

Arthritis drug

Decreases pyrimidine synthesis in lymphocytes; causes cell arrest

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47
Q

Methotrexate

A

Arthritis drug

Immunosuppressant

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48
Q

D-penicillamine

A

Arthritis drug

Analog of cysteine; slows progression of bone destruction and RA

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49
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

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50
Q

Budensonide

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

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51
Q

Ciclesonide

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

52
Q

Flunisolide

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

53
Q

Fluticasone

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

54
Q

Mometasone

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Corticosteroid; decreases inflammatory cascade and reduces PGE synthesis
Reduces hyper responsiveness of airway smooth muscle after several months of use

55
Q

Cromolyn

A

Anti-inflammatory drug
Mast cell stabilizer; prophylactic anti-inflammatory action by blocking the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells

56
Q

Montelukast

A

Anti-inflammatory drug

Anti-leukotriene

57
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Anti-inflammatory drug

Anti-leukotriene

58
Q

Zileuton

A

Anti-inflammatory drug

Anti-leukotriene; inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, which prevents the formation of leukotrienes

59
Q

Albuterol

A

Bronchodilator

Short-acting B2 agonist

60
Q

Levalbuterol

A

Bronchodilator

Short-acting B2 agonist

61
Q

Pirbuterol

A

Bronchodilator

Short-acting B2 agonist

62
Q

Formoterol

A

Bronchodilator

Long-acting B2 agonist

63
Q

Indacaterol

A

Bronchodilator

Long-acting B2 agonist

64
Q

Salmeterol

A

Bronchodilator

Long-acting B2 agonist

65
Q

Ipratropium

A

Other bronchodilator

Blocks contraction of airway smooth muscle mediated by vagus nerve via the blockage of Ach receptors

66
Q

Tiotropium

A

Other bronchodilator

Blocks contraction of airway smooth muscle mediated by vagus nerve via the blockage of Ach receptors

67
Q

Theophylline

A

Other bronchodilator

Increases cAMP and antagonizes adenosine receptors

68
Q

Omalizumab

A

Immunoglobin antagonist

Selectively binds to IgE and decreases release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils

69
Q

Codeine

A

Antitussive

Decreases sensitivity of the cough centers in the CNS to peripheral stimuli

70
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Antitussive

Decreases sensitivity of the cough centers in the CNS to peripheral stimuli

71
Q

Benzonatate

A

Antitussive

Anesthetizes respiratory passage and pleural stretch receptors

72
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant
Facilitates coughing up of mucus
Reduces adhesiveness and surface tension of the respiratory tract secretions

73
Q

Cetirizine

A

Antihistamine

Block H1 receptor, preventing histamine from binding

74
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamine

Block H1 receptor, preventing histamine from binding

75
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Antihistamine

Block H1 receptor, preventing histamine from binding

76
Q

Loratadine

A

Antihistamine

Block H1 receptor, preventing histamine from binding

77
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimicrobial agent; kill H. pylori

78
Q

Bismuth compounds

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimicrobial agent; kill H. pylori

79
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimicrobial agent; kill H. pylori

80
Q

Metronidazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimicrobial agent; kill H. pylori

81
Q

Tetracycline

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimicrobial agent; kill H. pylori

82
Q

Cimetidine

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
H2 receptor blocker
Competitively block the binding of histamine; reduce secretion of gastric acid

83
Q

Famotidine

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
H2 receptor blocker
Competitively block the binding of histamine; reduce secretion of gastric acid

84
Q

Nizatidine

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
H2 receptor blocker
Competitively block the binding of histamine; reduce secretion of gastric acid

85
Q

Ranitidine

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
H2 receptor blocker
Competitively block the binding of histamine; reduce secretion of gastric acid

86
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

87
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

88
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

89
Q

Omeprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

90
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

91
Q

Rabeprazole

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Proton pump inhibitor

92
Q

Misoprostol

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Prostaglandin E analog; inhibits section of HCl; stimulates secretion of mucus and bicarbonate

93
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antimuscarinic agent

94
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antacid; reacts with gastric acid to form water and salt; also reduces pepsin activity

95
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antacid; reacts with gastric acid to form water and salt; also reduces pepsin activity

96
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antacid; reacts with gastric acid to form water and salt; also reduces pepsin activity

97
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers

Antacid; reacts with gastric acid to form water and salt; also reduces pepsin activity

98
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
Mucosal protective agent; microbial actions; inhibits pepsin activity, increases mucous section, coats and protects ulcer crater

99
Q

Sucrafate

A

Drug used to treat peptic ulcers
Mucosal protective agent; forms complex gel with epithelial cells; impairs diffusion of HCL; stimulates prostaglandin secretion

100
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Phenothiazine; blocks dopamine receptors

101
Q

Dolasetron

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

5-HT3 receptor blocker

102
Q

Granisetron

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

5-HT3 receptor blocker

103
Q

Ondansetron

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

5-HT3 receptor blocker

104
Q

Palonosetron

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

5-HT3 receptor blocker

105
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Substituted benzamide; blocks dopamine receptors

106
Q

Droperidol

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Butyrophenone; blocks dopamine receptors

107
Q

Haloperidol

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Butyrophenone; blocks dopamine receptors

108
Q

Alprazolam

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Benzodiazepine; sedative properties

109
Q

Lorazepam

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Benzodiazepine; sedative properties

110
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Corticosteroid; blockade of prostaglandins

111
Q

Methylpredisolone

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Corticosteroid; blockade of prostaglandins

112
Q

Aprepitant

A

Drug used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea

Substance P/Neurokinin-1 receptor blocker

113
Q

Diphenoxylate + atropine

A

Drug used to treat diarrhea

Antimotility agent; opioid-like actions in the cut; inhibit acetylcholine release and decrease peristalsis

114
Q

Loperamide

A

Drug used to treat diarrhea

Antimotility agent; opioid-like actions in the cut; inhibit acetylcholine release and decrease peristalsis

115
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Drug used to treat diarrhea

Adsorbent; adsorbs intestinal toxins and coats the intestinal mucosa

116
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Drug used to treat diarrhea

Adsorbent; adsorbs intestinal toxins and coats the intestinal mucosa

117
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Drug used to treat diarrhea

Modifies fluid and electrolyte transport

118
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Stimulates the colon; acts directly on colon nerve cells

119
Q

Castor oil

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Irritates the stomach and initiates peristalsis

120
Q

Senna

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Stimulates the gut, causing evacuation of bowels and water/electrolyte secretion

121
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Drug used to treat constipation
Bulk laxative; hydrophilic colloids from fruits and vegetables that form gels in the large intestine; cause water retention and intestinal distension; increased peristaltic activity

122
Q

Psyllium

A

Drug used to treat constipation
Bulk laxative; hydrophilic colloids from fruits and vegetables that form gels in the large intestine; cause water retention and intestinal distension; increased peristaltic activity

123
Q

Glycerine suppositories

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Lubricant laxative

124
Q

Mineral oil

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Lubricant laxative

125
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Drug used to treat constipation

Chloride channel activator–increases fluid secretion in the intestinal lumen

Pharmacology II (6 decks)

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