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Gross II > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
Larynx:
Prevents...
Regulates...
Functions in...
\_\_\_ long in an adult, and lies between (which 2 vertebra)
A

prevents FOOD GETTING INTO AIRWAY
regulates AIR FLOW INTO LUNGS
functions in VOCALIZATION
5 CM long and lies between C3 and C6

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2
Q

Which cartilage gives attachment to the vocal ligament?

A

Arytenoid Cartilage

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3
Q

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

A

Give attachment to intrinsic muscles of larynx

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4
Q

Which two cartilages of the larynx can ossify and be mistaken for fractures on X-rays?

A

Corniculate Cartilages

Cuneiform Cartilages

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5
Q

The two joints of the larynx

A

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joint

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6
Q

Cricothyroid Joint:
Type -
It permits…

A

Synovial Joint

it permits ROTATION OF THYROID CARTILAGE

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7
Q

Cricoarytenoid Joint:
Type -
It permits…

A

Synovial Joint

it permits GLIDING AND ROTATION OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGE

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8
Q

Ligament of the larynx that extends from the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?
Pierced on each side by?

A

Thyrohyoid Membrane

pierced by INTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE and SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL VESSELS

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9
Q

Ligament of the larynx that extends from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Median Cricothyroid Ligament

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10
Q

The vocal ligament extends from the…

A

THYROID CARTILAGE in FRONT to the VOCAL PROCESS of the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE BEHIND

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11
Q

What does the vocal ligament form the free edge of?

A

Conus Elasticus

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12
Q

Conus elasticus extends from…

A

Cricoid Cartilage to the Vocal Ligament

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13
Q

Ligament of the larynx that connects the epiglottic cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage on each side.

A

Quadrangular Membrane

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14
Q

Quadrangular Membrane:
Superior Margin - forms the…
Inferior Margin - forms the…

A

Superior - Aryepiglottic Ligament

Inferior - Vestibular Ligament

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15
Q

Two pairs of folds of the larynx?

Which one initiates cough reflex?

A 
Vestibular Folds (false vocal cords) - Initiate cough reflex
Vocal Folds (true vocal cords)
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16
Q

The vocal folds lie ______ and _______ to the vestibular folds.
The vocal folds contain (2)

A

INFERIOR and MEDIAL

Vocal Ligament and Vocalis Muscle

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17
Q

The space between vestibular folds.

The space between vocal folds?

A

between vestibular folds - Rima Vestibuli

between vocal folds - Rima Glottidis

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18
Q

Together the rima glottidis and vocal folds are called the…

A

Glottis

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19
Q

Three cavities divided by the vestibular and vocal folds

A

Laryngeal Vestibule
Laryngeal Ventricle
Infraglottic Cavity

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20
Q

Diverticulum within the laryngeal ventricle that contains a gland which lubricates the vocal cords

A

Laryngeal Saccule

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21
Q

Cause of horseness due to excessive speaking or singing

A

Lubricant from laryngeal saccule is temporarily depleted

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22
Q

Laryngitis:

A

Inflammation of vocal folds

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23
Q

Elevators of the larynx (6)

A 
Thyrohyoid
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
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24
Q

Depressors of the larynx (3)

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

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25
Intrinsic muscle of larynx that increases pitch
Cricothyroid
26
Main innervation of intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
27
One exception to intrinsic muscle innervation of the larynx (muscle and nerve)
Cricothyroid - External Laryngeal Nerve
28
Neutral position of vocal cords is partially _______ - reduces risk of ________
partially ABDUCTED - reduces risk of SUFFOCATION
29
Muscle that abducts vocal cords
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
30
Muscles that adduct vocal cords (3)
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Transverse Arytenoid Oblique Arytenoid
31
Whispering muscle
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
32
__________: Closes laryngeal inlet __________: Opens laryngeal inlet
Aryepiglottic - Closes inlet | Thyroepiglottic - Opens inlet
33
Thyroarytenoid muscle: (function)
Shortens and relaxes vocal folds by drawing the arytenoid cartilage forward
34
Fine tuning intrinsic muscle of vocal cords
Vocalis: adjusts tension of vocal cords during phonation (speaking)
35
The size and shape of the rima glottidis is altered during phonation and respiration by movements of the ________ cartilages
Arytenoid Cartilages
36
Voice dimorphism is determined by (3)
Length of vocal cords Thickness of vocal cords Size of resonating chamber
37
Besides its motor function to all intrinsic muscles besides cricothyroid, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is also sensory to the...
Mucosa of larynx Below Vocal Fold
38
Sensory innervation to mucosa above vocal folds
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
39
_______ laryngeal nerve is motor to the cricothyroid and ________ _______ muscles
EXTERNAL laryngeal nerve | motor to cricothyroid and INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR muscles
40
Blood supply of larynx: _______ ______ artery ---> _______ ______ artery. _______ ______ artery ---> _______ ______ artery.
Superior Thyroid --> Superior Laryngeal | Inferior Thyroid --> Inferior Laryngeal
41
Three functions of lymphatic system
Produce Lymphocytes Transport large protein molecules from tissue fluid to bloodstream Return excess tissue fluid to bloodstream
42
Lymph Nodes: Produce ________ and act as filter to lymph preventing...
Lymphocytes | prevent foreign bodies form entering bloodstream
43
______ Lymph Vessels: drain lymph to a node | ______ Lymph Vessels: drain lymph FROM node
Afferent - carry to node | Efferent - drain from node
44
Lymph is moved by... | _______ clears toxins from tissue
moved by Muscle Contraction/Massage | Exercise clears toxins
45
Superficial nodes of the head
occipital mastoid parotid
46
Superficial nodes of the neck
Submandibular Submental Anterior Cervical Superficial Cervical
47
Superficial cervical nodes rund along what muscle and blood vessel?
SCM - External Jugular Vein
48
Deep cervical nodes are located within the _______ _______ and follow the course of the... (blood vessel)
Carotid Sheath | Internal Jugular Vein
49
Deep cervical node that drains the tongue and is found near the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Jugulodigastric Node
50
Deep cervical node that drains the tongue and is found near the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid
Jugulo-omohyoid Node
51
All lymphatics of the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into the...
Deep Cervical Nodes
52
Right jugular trunk (lymph vessel) drains into the junction between...
Internal Jugular and Subclavian veins
53
Left Jugular Trunk (lymph vessel) drains into...
Thoracic Duct
54
Afferent vessels of the ________ nodes drain the central portions of the lower lip, floor of mouth, and tip of tongue
Submental Nodes
55
Afferent vessels of the _________ nodes drain the cheek, side of nose, upper lip, lateral part of lower lip, gums, and margin of tongue
Submandibular
56
Hodgkin's disease: a type of _______
Lymphoma - primary tumor of lymph nodes
57
Diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes: ________ or _______ - indicates infection ________ and _______ - indicates cancer
Tender or Painful - infection | Hard and Painless - cancer
58
_______: Parasitic infection of lymphatic system
Filariasis
59
The breast is located between the ___ and ___ rib, and between the ________ and _________ line
2nd and 6th rib | Sternum and Midaxillary Line
60
Nipple is usually located at the level of the ___ intercostal space
4th intercostal space
61
Frequent site of cancer/portion of breast which extends back into the armpit
Axillary Process
62
Strong fibrous septa which support the breast and run through the breast from skin to deep layer of superficial fascia
Suspensory ligaments of breast
63
Mammary Gland: - Modified sweat gland located in the _______ fascia. - ___ to ___ lobes - each lobe opens to the nipple through _______ _____ - _______ ______: expansion of lactiferous duct - milk reservoir
Mammary Gland: - Modified sweat gland located in the SUPERFICIAL fascia. - 15 to 20 lobes - each lobe opens to the nipple through LACTIFEROUS DUCT - LACTIFEROUS SINUS: expansion of lactiferous duct - milk reservoir
64
Blood Supply of Breast: (4 arteries)
Internal Thoracic Lateral Thoracic Thoracoacromial Intercostal
65
Lymphatic Drainage of Breast: (4 nodes) | Which drains the majority from the breast?
Axillary Nodes - Drains 75% of lymph Parasternal Nodes Nodes of Opposite Breast Nodes of Anterior Abdominal Wall
66
Clinical signs of breast cancer: (3)
Dimpling Inverted Nipple Leathery Thickening of Skin
67
Breast cancer usually spreads to the ______ first.
Axilla
68
Major site of RBC production in thoracic wall
Sternum
69
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process (cartilage at birth - slowly ossifies throughout life)
70
Which part of sternum is sometimes broken during CPR
xiphoid process
71
Vertebral level of sternal angle
Disc between T4 - T5
72
Superior opening of the thoracic cage? | What 3 structures for the borders?
Superior Thoracic Aperture: Manubrium 1st Rib T1
73
Inferior opening of thoracic cage? | 5 structures that form its borders?
``` Inferior Thoracic Aperture: Xiphoid Process Costal margin 12th Rib Distal end of 11th Rib T12 ```
74
True ribs? | Why are they "true"
1 thru 7 | Articulate with sternum
75
False ribs
8 thru 12
76
which ribs articulate indirectly with sternum
8 - 10
77
Typical ribs: | Atypical ribs:
Typical: 3 - 9 Atypical: 1, 2, 10, 11, 12
78
Nerve supply for external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles
Corresponding Intercostal Nerve
79
Only thoracic wall muscle that functions in inspiration
External Intercostal
80
Function of all Thoracic Wall muscles besides external intercostal
Forced Expiration
81
Innervation for Subcostalis and Transversus Thoracis
Intercostal Nerve
82
The anterior thoracic wall's blood supply
Internal Thoracic Artery and its Branches
83
4 branches of internal thoracic artery
Pericardiacophrenic Anterior Intercostal Musculophrenic Superior Epigastric
84
Pericardiacophrenic Artery: Accompanies the ______ nerve, supplies the ______, _______, and _______
Pericardiacophrenic Artery: Accompanies the PHRENIC nerve, supplies the PLEURA, PERICARDIUM, and DIAPHRAGM
85
Which branch of the internal thoracic artery supplies the upper 6 intercostal spaces
Anterior Intercostal Artery
86
___________ artery: lateral branch ______ ______ artery: medial branch (of internal thoracic artery)
Musculophrenic - Lateral | Superior Epigastric - Medial
87
Blood supply of posterior aspect of thoracic wall (3)
Supreme (superior) Intercostal Artery 3rd - 11th Posterior Intercostal Arteries Subcostal Artery
88
Thoracic wall veins: _______ ______ vein - drains anterior _______ vein - drains posterior
Internal Thoracic Vein | Azygos Vein
89
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... | ______ drain into Brachiocephalic
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... | 1ST POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL drain into Brachiocephalic
90
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... ______ and _____ come together to form the _______ intercostal vein and drain into azygos
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... 2ND and 3RD come together to form the SUPERIOR intercostal vein and drain into azygos
91
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... _____ thru _____ and ________ vein drain into azygos
Posterior Intercostal veins drain into... 4TH thru 11TH and SUBCOSTAL vein drain into azygos
92
Smallest vein of the heart.
Venae Cordis Minimae

Gross II (4 decks)

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