Exam 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What distinguishes bacteria from archaea?
a. only bacteria are unicellular
b. only bacteria contain a circular chromosome
c. only bacteria lack a membrane bound nucleus to house the genetic material
d. only bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
D
Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?
a. a trait that is shared by more than one monophyletic group
b. a trait common in a single monopyletic group, but not generally found outside of that group
c. the state of having several traits in common with different monophyletic groups
d. a trait that evolved in several different monophyletic groups simultaneously
B
In marine ecosystems, the main primary producers are _____?
a. photosynthetic bacteria
b. photosynthetic fungi
c. photosynthetic plants
d. photosynthetic protists
D
Good
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because _________.
a. protists eat bacteria
b. bacteria are not made of cells
c. protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
d. bacteria decomposed protists
e. protsis are photosynthetic
C
Which of the following is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic ancestors?
a. prokaryotes possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls
b. bacteria are unicellular
c. prokaryotes possess flagella
d. the oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic
d
An organism that is capable of both photosynthetic and heterotrophy is a (n):
a. autotroph
b. chemotroph
c. mixotroph
d. phototroph
C
While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to bacteria but not archaea or eukarya?
a. its unicellular
b. the organism does not have nucleus
c. the lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to straight chain fatty acids
d. cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan
e. it can survive at a temp over 100 degrees celcius
D
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
a. bacteria and eukarya
b. archaea and monera
c. eukarya and monera
d. bacteria and Protista
e. bacteria and archaea
E
You might be interested to know how many different types of bacteria live on the shower curtain in your bathroom. What is the most efficient method for finding out?
a. producing a molecular phylogeny
b. enrichment culture
c. direct sequencing
d. enrichment culture and direct sequencing are equally efficient methods
B
Genetic recombination in prokaryotes is one factor that gives rise to their high levels of genetic diversity. Which of the following are mechanisms of prokaryotic genetic recombination?
a. transformation
b. transduction
c. conjugation
d. all of the above are correct
e. none of the above
D
In prokaryotes new mutations accumulate quickly in populations, while in eukaryotes new mutations accumulate much more slowly. The primary reason for this are:
a. prokaryotes have short generation times and large population sizes
b. prokaryotes have random mutations while eukaryotes can target genes for mutations; thus mutations may not accumulate as quickly in eukaryotes but they are more useful to the organism.
c. the dna in prokaryotes is not as stable as eukaryotic DNA and is thus more likely to mutate.
d. prokaryote mutations are less effective than eukaryote mutations in providing variation for evolution
A
Good
which of the following represents an area where prokaryotes are more diverse than eukaryotes?
a. metabolism
b. morphology
c. motility
d. size
a
Microbiologists use the gram stain to aid in the identification of bacteria. What is the major difference between gram-postitive and gram-negative bacteria
a. presence or absence of flagella
b. presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
c. presence or absence of outer plasma membrane
d. structure of nucleotides in the plasma membrane
B
Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _______.
a. chemoheterotrophs
b. photoheterotrophs
c. photoautotrophs
d. chemoautotrophs
D?
seems good but check
A doctor prescribes an antibiotic to her patients. For the first few years, the drug works well; but after several years the doctor sees more patients whom that antibiotic doesn’t actually work. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?
a. the pharmaceutical company lost its drug formula and started selling poor-quality antibiotics
b. natural selection caused the bacteria to mutate, creating a new antibioitic resistant species
c. antibiotic resistant bacteria were most likely to survive and reproduce
C
Primary production by photosynthetic protists is considered “primary” because _______.
a. These protists are the first to colonize new areas
b. these protists are the most abundant on earth
c. these protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2
d. these protists are the oldest lineage to photosynthesize
C
good
Locomotive diversity amongst protists includes:
a. cilia
b. pseudopodia
c. flagella
d. B and C only
e. A, B, C
E
What synapomorphy defines the eukarya?
a. fission
b. meiosis and sexual reproduction
c. multicellularity
d. nuclear envelope
D
All protists _________.
a. are unicellular
b. have a cell wall
c. contain a nucleus
d. are photosynthetic
e. are smaller than animal cells
C
good
Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are paraphyletic
a. some protists evolved into other eukaryotic groups
b. protists all share a common set of synapomorphies
c. protists are all more primitive than land plants and animals
d. protists do not share a single common ancestor
A
good
Which term describes the multicellular haploid form of a protest that shows alternation of generations
a. zygote
b. gametophyte
c. spore
d. sporophyte
B
good
Assume that some members of an aquatic species of motile, photosynthetic protists evolve to become parasitic to fish. They gain the ability to live in the fish gut, absorbing nutrients as the fish digests the food. Over time, which of the following phenotypic changes would you expect to observe in this population of protists?
a. loss of motility
b. gain of meiosis
c. loss of chloroplasts
d. gain of a rigid cell wall
e. no changes would be expected
C
logically makes sense but check
In the process of alternation of generations, the ________.
a. sporophyte is haploid and produces gametes
b. sporophyte is diploid and produces spores
c. gametophyte is haploid and produces spores
d. gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes
e. spores unite to form a zygote
B
check this one
Imagine that there are twenty five different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?
a. the asexually reproducing species
b. the sexually reproducing species
c. sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive.
B
should match up
