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Juvenile Delinquency > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Dysfunction

A

Key ingredient to emotional deficits that lead to social problems

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2
Q

Effect of parenting on delinquency

A

+ Parenting lowers risk of delinquency in high crime areas

- Parenting increases the risk of children becoming delinquent

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3
Q

Family Composition

A

Traditional families are in the past

75% of mothers of school aged children are employed.

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4
Q

“Good Wife’s Guide”

A

Women were expected to be subservient and obedient to their husbands, has drastically changed in the recent years

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5
Q

Underground Child Care

A

90% of facilities run without license

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6
Q

Latch Key Children

A

Children who return from school to an empty home

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7
Q

Four Main Categories for Family Dysfunction

A

Breakup
Conflict
Ineffectiveness
Deviance

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8
Q

Breakup

A

Positive correlation between delinquency and family break ups
Blended families are less stable
Boys are more affected by the post divorce absence of their father
Girls are more affected by the quality of the mother’s parenting

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9
Q

Conflict

A

Family conflict causes more damage than family break up.

A child’s perception of their parents’ marital happiness is a predictor of delinquency

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10
Q

Family Ineffectiveness

A

Inconsistent discipline
Physical punishment
Inconsistent supervision
poor parenting.

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11
Q

Resource Dilution

A

Large families are more likely produce delinquents, resources run thin for every child

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12
Q

Family Deviance

A

Genetics, substance abuse, link between criminality of sons and fathers

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13
Q

Child Abuse

A

Any physical or emotional trauma to a child for which no reasonable explanation can be found

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14
Q

Types of Child Abuse

A

Physical, neglect, emotional, sexual, abandonment

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15
Q

First documented case of child abuse

A

1847 - Mary Ellen Wilson removed from her parents by SPCA

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16
Q

Abuse Statistics

A

1 in 10 boys and 1 in 3 girls have been victims of exploitation
EA / Middle Class
Boys get less attention from authorities

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17
Q

Causes of Child Abuse

A

Parents who suffered abuse themselves abuse their own children
Isolated and alienated families become abusive
Cyclical pattern of violence

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18
Q

CAPTA

A

Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act of 1974
Provides federal funding to states in support of prevention, investigation, and treatment, all states have mandated reporting laws.

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19
Q

State Intervention Process

A 
Allegations
Advisement Hearing
Pretrial Conference
Adjudication
Disposition
Review Hearing
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20
Q

Allegations

A

Social Service agency files a petition alleging abuse. Most often, through the hotline.

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21
Q

Advisement hearing

A

Review the facts, determine whether permanent removal is justified. Notify parents of charges against them.

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22
Q

Pretrial

A

Conference is held if the parents deny the petition, attorney for the state presents an overview of the case. Settlement can be negotiated.

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23
Q

Adjudication

A

Fact finding stage to determine if the children are in need of CINA. If so, see 5.

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24
Q

Disposition

A

Most important stage. Social service agency presents its case plan. An agreement is reached by which parents commit themselves to the state order.

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25
Living Arrangement Tiers
Reunification Guardianship Adoption APPLA (Another Permanent Plan of Living Arrangement)
26
Coy v. Ohio
SCOTUS ruled that unless there is a finding that the child witness needs special protection, the 6th amendment grants defendants "face to face" confrontation through a one way glass partition
27
Maryland v. Craig
SCOTUS said that CCTV testimony is sufficient for in-court statements in special protection cases.
28
Clique
small group of friends who share activities and confidences
29
Crowds
Loosely organized groups of children who share interests
30
Controversial status youth
highly liked or intensely disliked by their peers
31
Co-offending
delinquent acts committed in small groups | Anti-social youth join with like minded youth
32
Gang
groups of youth who engage in delinquent behavior together.
33
Interstitial group
Falls through the cracks of society | Identifiable leadership, division of labor, rules, rituals, etc.
34
Two Main Factors of Gangs
Self recognition | Commitment to criminal activity
35
Gang history
Conscious in the 1950's and 60's | In '75, there were 275 identifiable gangs
36
Reach of urban gangs
Approx. 760k gang members and 24k gangs.
37
Gangs and Location
Operated in large urban areas experiencing population change | Diverse ethnic groups find themselves in competition
38
Gangs and Migration
Organize new chapters when they relocate Move for social reasons Immigration has brought people who have formed extremely violent gangs like MS-13
39
Four Groups of Gangs
Social Gangs Party Gangs Serious Delinquent Gangs Organize Gangs
40
Gangs and Age
From 8-55 | Involvement ranges from 9-12
41
Gangs and Communication
Graffiti Secret symbols Stacking Colors / fashion / branding
42
Gangs and African America
First AA Gangs were formed in the 1920's in the 70's, Crips gang was formed Use of nicknames / hairstyles / tattoos
43
Gangs and Latinx America
Fierce loyalty Initiation through machismo Great deal of violence
44
Gangs and Asian America
Cities like NY, LA, SanFran, Seattle, Houston Victimize members of their own ethnic group Less territorial and secretive Elders have control
45
Gangs and Anglo Race
Common in smaller towns Derivatives of the skinhead 70s movement Alienated youth
46
Common gang crimes
Larceny, theft, assault | Violence is a core fact of gang life
47
Anthropological View of Gangs
Appeal to the longing of tribal processes. | Puberty rites and adulthood passage.
48
Anomie / Alienation View of Gangs
Anomie encourage gang formation on the cultural and individual level. Youth are encouraged to join gangs during periods of turmoil.
49
Psychological View of Gangs
Serve as an outlet for disturbed youths who suffer from a personal deficits, impulse control, etc.
50
Rational Choice View of Gangs
Turn to gangs a method of obtaining goods / services | personal safety, fun and support
51
How to control gang activity
Service programs, police agencies | Recreation activities, afterschool programs
52
Hoover Folk Gang
Symbol is the pitchfork | KK got arrested for robbing a convenience store
53
23rd Street Crips
LA Moe is credited for bringing Crips to Little Rock Killed a man at 9 Parents involved in gang activity
54
Bobby Banks
LA Moe's protege Leader of the 23rd street crips #1 target
55
186
Code to be on alert
56
Kick it
have fun
57
Getting jacked up
questioned by police
58
Crippin'
Hanging out with crips
59
Down for mine
Loyal to gang members
60
BGF
Black Gorilla Family
61
Crabs
Slur for cips
62
Pour one out
ritual for mourning
63
Gat / straps
gun
64
Slob
Blood member
65
Quoted
Initiation for gang members, either being sexed in or beat in.
66
Percent of school aged children attending school
90%, compared to 7 in 1890
67
Trends in Education
US lags in math | Constantly out performed by other countries
68
Dropping Out
Truancy leads to failure | After dropout, youth are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior
69
Why do youth drop out?
They want a job. | Low achievement, poor problem solving, substance abuse
70
Personal trouble
Turbulent family life has been linked to academic underachievement
71
Social class
Economic issues may cause students to take part time jobs
72
Reducing school crime
Crime free, weapon free, safe school zones
73
Zero Tolerance Policy
Mandates predetermined punishments for specific offenses.
74
School Security Efforts
Restrict entry, gates, picture ID, security cameras, controlled bookbags
75
Law Enforcement in Schools
Infiltrate as undercover officers on school grounds
76
New Jersey v. TLO
SCOTUS found that students are constitutionally protected from legal searches, but school officials are not bound by the same restrictions.
77
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
Extended schools' authority to search by legalizing drug testing policy for student athletes
78
Free Speech in School
Guaranteed by the 1st amendment, divided by passive and active speech. Cannot be prohibited unless forbidden conduct will interfere with the discipline needed to operate the school
79
School Prayer
SCOTUS ruled that prayers lead by a school official undermines protection of minority viewpoints.
80
Marijuana
Pot / weed / grass / kush Cannabis sativa tetrahydrocannibinol Commonly used by teenagers
81
Marijuana and health
Distortions in auditory and visual perception through hallucination Not addictive.
82
Cocaine
Alkaloid derivative of the coca plant | Medical breakthrough until it was deemed addictive.
83
Cocaine and Health
Natural stimulant, produces euphoria, restlessness, excitement Controlled by FDA in 1906
84
Crack
Processed street cocaine, made through the use of ammonia or baking soda to create a crystalline form that can be smoked
85
Heroin
Narcotic, ability to produce insensibility to pain and free the mind of anxiety and emotion
86
Street Heroin
Most commonly used narcotic in the US Dealers cut the drug with neutral substances like sugar / lactose 1-4% pure
87
Alcohol
Drug of choice for teenagers May be a factor in nearly half of all murders, suicides and accidental deaths Depression, heart disease, cirrhosis of liver
88
Anesthetic drugs
CNS Depressants, must be widely abused (PCP)
89
Steroids
Used for muscle growth | Causes health problems, needle users are at risk for HIV
90
Designer Drugs
Lab created synthetics, designed to temporarily avoid drug laws. Ecstasy.
91
Cigarettes
Many countries prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors, states are required to reduce the rates of illegal sales to minors; 1 of every 2 seniors report smoking.

Juvenile Delinquency (3 decks)

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