exam 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Essential Vitamins
Essential
Produce deficiency symptoms wen missing from the diet
fat-soluble vitamins
water-soluble vitamins
DOES NOT PROVIDE ANY ENERGY OR YIELD ENEGERY.
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin C Vitamin B Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Thiamin Niacin Floate Riboflavin, Biotin Pantothenic acid
Fat-Soluble
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Water-soluble vitamins PT2
- Stored in small amounts
- less toxic
- High dose is excreted via urine
- take less time for a deficiency to develop due to limited stores
Fat-Soluble pt2
- Must be absorbed with fat
- stored in large amounts
- deficiency takes a long time
- the high toxicity of vitamin D and A/ over-use of fat-soluble vitamins
Folate
Required to produce new cells ex= Red blood cells Pregnancy -fetal development Neural tube development 1st week of pregnancy
Folate deficiency
Anemia (Megaloblastic) (low red blood cells)- large, immature red blood cells
Neural tube defects-a defect formation of the neural tube(spinal cord and brain) during early fetal devlopment
Neural tube defects
Neural tube develops in the 1st month of gestation
defects occur when a spinal column or skull don’t form properly
Spina Bifida
Failure of the neural tube to close
spinal cord bulges through the back
results in paralysis
Sources of folate
-Enriched pasta,cereal,rice,beans
-Drak leafy green veggies
-beans
-orange juice
all women that become pregnant should have folate
Vitamin D Functions
- Prohormone- works like a hormone, sends signals to organs
- helps in absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the gut -kidney, and bones
- tells kidneys not to get rid of too much calcium
Sources of Vitamin D
-Milk, margarine, eggs, fish
Sunlight, cholesterol under the skin converts into vitamin D
Vitamin D -Sunshine Vitamin
Derived from cholesterol
synthesized from sun exposure
sunscreen spf>8 decreases synthesis by 95%
expose hands, face,arms2-3 times a week for 5-10 mins each time ( more for darker skin)
insufficient sun exposure makes this a vitamin that must be gotten through the diet
activated by enzymes in the liver and kidneys
Toxicity Warning for Vitamin D
Vitamins D can be toxic especially in infancy and childhood
the upper level is 50 ug/day
this results in
over- absorption of calcium (hypercalcemia) increase calcium excretion
calcium deposits in organs and blood vessls
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets in kids-Bowed leg /bones cant support the weight of the body
Osteomalacia for adults with soft bones
Groups at risk for Vitamin D Deficiency
Elderly ill, Homebound
those with limited sun exposure, poor intake of vitamin D goods
Vitamin A functions
Leading cause of blindness Bone formation Eye health Vision in dim light promotes immune function- plays a role in the production of white blood cells all cells need vitamin A
Retinoids
An active form of vitamin A
found in animal products
Carotenoids ( converted into vitamin A)
Found in plant products
Beta-carotene
the body returns beta-carotene into vitamin A
Sources of Vitamin A
Liver, butter, milk.cheese,eggs,fortifed cerlas
Veffies(beta cartone =carrots, squash
Vitamin A deficiency
Impression-night blindness
Xerophthalmia-leading cause of blindness in 3rd world countries due to lack of beta-carotene
golden rice-genetically modified rice that is rich in beta-carotene
Vitamin A toxicity
Pregnancy-cause malformation in the fetus
Even acne drugs- contain vitamin A could be toxic to the fetus.
Phytochemicals=Plants
-Chemical substances found in plants that affect our health in a positive way.
Non-esstenail or classifed as a nutrient
obtained via diet
Phytochemical functions
-Provide color, flavor and odor to foods
found in plants ( fruits and veggies)
over 4000 different phytochemicals known
