Exam 2 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Water
- Most essential nutrient
- 50-70% of body weight is fluid
- Intracellular fluid = fluid within the cells
- Extracellular fluid = fluid outside the cells
Functions of Water
Solvent- allows the body to mix nutrients
Helps remove toxins
Cushion-Amniotic fluid for baby/fetus
coolant-Cool the body down
Temperature Regulation
When you're overheated... -Body perspires -Sweat evaporates through pores -Heat energy is removed from the skin -Body is cooled 105 degrees can be delady
Fluid Recommendations
1ml/kcal
individualzied 1ml/kcals=2200 ml (~9cups)
1cup=240 ml
recommendationtions: 9 cups/day for females and 13 cups//day for males as a starting point
Increased fluid needs
-Hot humid weather conditions
-Excserise
-Diet /high protein diet-nitrogen needs to excrete via urea
-Alcoholic diet/diurectic=increased urine production
-High fiber diet
Illness vomiting, fever, diarrhea
Water Loss
- Urine: greatest amount of water loss
- Stool: diarrhea (increased losses)
- Perspiration: exercise and heat increases loss
- Exhaled air
Dehydration
-Thirst = early dehydration
- Urine color: dark urine, low volume (urine should be a pale yellow)
- –1 lb loss = 2 cups fluid
- Symptoms: headache, dry mouth, dark urine
- Advanced dehydration: muscle spasm, sunken eyes, delirium, death
Minerals
Major minerals
require > 100mg/day
Exanples: calcium ,phosphotus
Trace minerlas
Require <100mg/day
Examples Iron,zinc
Sodium
Sodium
Found as sodium chloride (table salt)
40% sodium
60% chloride
1tsp of slat=2,400mg sodium
Functions of Sodium
water balance- water follows sodium
Nreve transmission=require sodium
Muscle contraction
Deficiency Symptoms of sodium
muscle cramps shock nausea and vomiting coma dizziness
People who are eating less than 500mg a day
Low sodium diet
Excessive amounts pf sweating=athlete
persistent vomiting/diaherra
Hypertension
Blood Pressure
Systolic-Herat contracting
Diatolic - in between heartbeats
Normal <120/80
High Blood Pressure >140/90
Hypertension pt2
50 million Americans suffer from this
- SILENT KILLER; very few, vague symptoms
- Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease
Hypertension Risk
- age -50 and up
sodium intake
obesity
family history
physical inactivity
Hypertension Treatment
<1500mg/day
weight loss
exercise
1-2 glasses a day
Hypertension diet (Dash)
high calcium high potassium high fruits and veggies high in fiber low in fat low in sodium
DASH Diet
- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- Increase intake of fruit, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish, and low fat dairy products
- Limit intake of red meat, high fat dairy products, and lower sodium intake
Hypertension
70% of sodium in diet found in:
Fast food
Processed foods
Average =6,000mg
Current Recommendations for Sodium Intake
- Current recommendations = <2,300 mg/day
- Anyone over 51 years old, African Americans, and those that have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease should consume <1,500 mg
High Sodium Foods
-Foods prepared in brine(Pickels,sauerkraut,olives)
- Salted or smoked meats(bacon,sausage,delimeats)
- Salted or smoked fish(Smoked salmon,anchovies
-Most fast food and processed foods
- Condiments
- Cheese
- Canned foods
Iron- Most common worldwide leading nutrient diffeniccy
Most iron is in two proteins:
- Hemoglobin: iron containing protein in Red blood cells
- Myoglobin (muscles): carries and stores oxygen for the muscles
-Poor perganacy outcomes and imapred physical and cognitive development
Iron Deficiency
Caused by…
- Poor iron intake
- Blood loss (ulcers)
- Pregancy =increased iron needs, growth and develpoment ,
At-Risk Groups for Iron Deficiency
- Women of childbearing age (monthly blood loss)
- Children: high growth rate, poor intake
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Small, pale, red blood cells
- Symptoms: tired, paleness, rapid heart rate
- Children: brain damage, developmental delays
- Pica- Not everyone with pica would have anmaia
