Exam#2 (7 Learning Theories) Flashcards
(23 cards)
Name the 7 learning theories?
- Reinforcement theory
- Social learning theory
- Goal theories
- Need theories
- Expectancy theory
- Adult learning theory
- Information processing theory
Emphasizes that people are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors because of past outcomes/consequences that have resulted from those behaviors?
Reinforcement theory
Emphasizes that people learn by observing other persons (models) whom they believe are credible and knowledgeable?
Social learning theory
Assumes that behavior results from a person’s conscious goals and intentions?
Goal setting theory
Help to explain the value that a person places on certain outcomes?
Need theories
Suggests that a person’s behavior is based on expectancies, instrumentality, and valence?
Expectancy theory
Developed out of a need for a specific theory to address how adults learn (Andragogy)?
Adult learning theory
Emphasizes the internal processes that occur when training content is learned/retained, and also considers external events that influence internal learning processes?
Information processing theory
Processes in reinforcement theory (4)?
- Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
- Extinction
- Punishment
Processes of Social Learning Theory (4)?
- Attention
- Retention
- Motor reproduction
- Motivational processes
Goals influence a person’s behavior by: (Goal setting theory)
- Directing energy and attention
- Sustaining effort over time
- Motivating the person to develop strategies for goal attainment
Goals held by a trainee in a learning situation? (Goal setting theory)
Goal orientation (Includes learning and performance orientation)
Trying to increase ability or competence in a task? (Goal setting theory)
Learning orientation
Learners who focus on task performance and how they compare to others? (Goal setting theory)
Performance orientation
Maslow’s and Alderfer’s “need theories” focused on: (3) (Need theories)
- Physiological needs
- Relatedness needs
- Growth needs
McClelland’s “need theory” focused primarily on needs for: (3)
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Power
Three factors of “expectancy theory”?
- Expectancies
- Instrumentality
- Valence
Link between trying to perform a behavior and actually performing well? (Expectancy theory)
Expectancies
Belief that performing a given behavior is associated with a particular outcome? (Expectancy theory)
Instrumentality
Value that a person places on an outcome? (Expectancy theory)
Valence
Name four things that adults need: (Adult Learning Theory)
- to know why they are learning something
- to be self-directed
- a problem-centered approach to learning
- a learning experience that addresses their extrinsic and intrinsic motivators
Training Implications of Adragogy? (5 parts) (Adult Learning Theory)
- Self-concept - Mutual planning and collaboration in instruction
- Experience - Use learner experience as basis for examples and applications
- Readiness - Develop instruction based on the learner’s interests and competencies
- Time Perspective - Immediate application of content
- Orientation to Learn -Problem-centered instead of subject-centered
Name some useful tools from the “information processing theory”?
- Verbal instructions, pictures, diagrams, and maps suggesting ways to code the training content so that it can be stored in memory
- Meaningful learning context (examples, problems) creating cues that facilitate coding
- Demonstration or verbal instructions helping to organize the learner’s response as well as facilitating the selection of the correct response
