Exam#2 (chap. 3) Flashcards
(25 cards)
Needs assessment?
Process used to determine whether training is necessary
Organizational analysis?
Determines the appropriateness of training, given the company’s business strategy and resources
Person analysis determines?
- Whether performance deficiencies result from a lack of knowledge, skill, or ability
- Who needs training
- Employee readiness for training
Task analysis?
Identifies the important tasks and knowledge, skills, and behaviors that need to be emphasized in training for employees to complete their tasks
Subject-matter experts (SMEs)?
Employees, academics, managers, technical experts, trainers, and even customers or suppliers who are knowledgeable with regard to:
- Training issues
- Knowledge, skills, and abilities required for successful task performance
- Necessary equipment and conditions under which task has to be performed
Job incumbents?
Employees who are currently performing the job
Why is it important to get a sample of job incumbents involved in the needs assessment?
- They tend to be most knowledgeable about the job
- They can be a great hindrance to the training process if they do not feel they have had input in the process
Focus groups?
Type of SME interview that involves a face-to-face meeting with groups of SMEs in which the questions that are asked relate to specific training needs
Crowdsourcing?
Asking a large group of employees to help provide information for needs assessment that they are not traditionally asked to do
Benchmarking?
Using information about other companies’ training practices to help determine the appropriate type, level, and frequency of training
Readiness for training?
Refers to whether:
- Employees have the personal characteristics necessary to learn program content and apply it on the job
- The work environment will facilitate learning and not interfere with performance
Consequences?
Type of incentives that employees receive for performing well
Feedback?
Information that employees receive while they are performing
Motivation to learn?
- Trainees’ desire to learn the content of training programs
- Personal characteristics include basic skills, cognitive ability, language skills, and other traits that employees need to perform their jobs or learn in training and development programs effectively
Basic skills? Name three?
Skills that are necessary for employees to perform on the job and learn the content of training programs successfully
- Cognitive ability
- Reading skills
- Writing skills
Cognitive ability? Name three dimensions?
- Trainees’ level of cognitive ability can influence how well they can learn in training programs
- To identify employees without the cognitive ability to succeed on the job, companies use paper-and-pencil cognitive ability tests
1. Verbal comprehension
2. Quantitative ability
3. Reasoning ability
Self-efficacy?
Employees’ belief that they can perform their job or learn the content of the training program successfully
Employees’ self-efficacy level CAN BE INCREASED by:
- Letting employees know the purpose of training
- Providing as much information as possible about the training program and the purpose of training prior to the actual training
- Showing employees the training success of their peers who are now in similar jobs
- Providing employees with feedback that learning is under their control and they have the ability and the responsibility to overcome any learning difficulties they experience in the program
Lack of proper tools and equipment, materials and supplies, budgetary support, and time?
Situational constraints
Managers’ and peers’ willingness to provide feedback and reinforcement?
Social support
Accepted standards of behavior for workgroup members (it defines “norm-al”)?
Norms
- For employees to perform to standard, feedback needs to be given frequently, not just during a yearly performance evaluation
Specific position requiring the completion of certain tasks?
Job
Employee’s work activity in a specific job?
Task
Employee competencies (3)?
- Knowledge – Includes facts or procedures
- Skill – Indicates competency in performing a task
- Ability – Includes the physical and mental capacities to perform a task
