Exam 2- Atypical Cervical Vertebra

Question 1

What features are lacking at C1

Answer 1

Vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

Question 2

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 2

Longus Colli

Question 3

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 3

The ALL, anterior Atlanto-occipital and anterior Atlanto-axial ligaments

Question 4

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

Answer 4

The fovea dentis

Question 5

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

Answer 5

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

Question 6

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1

Answer 6

BUM

Question 7

What is the joint classification of the Atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

Answer 7

Synovial ellipsoidal joint

Question 8

What are the morphologic characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

Answer 8

Asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

Question 9

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

Answer 9

BMD

Question 10

What is the joint classification of the Atlanto-axial zygapophysis

Answer 10

Synovial plane joint

Question 11

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

Answer 11

Tubercle of the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 12

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

Answer 12

Lavator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

Question 13

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1

Answer 13

40%

Question 14

What part of C1 represents the spinous process

Answer 14

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

Question 15

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

Answer 15

Male: 50mm
Female: 37mm

Question 16

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

Answer 16

Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

Question 17

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

Answer 17

The posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 18

Ossificaiton of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

Answer 18

Accessory bone

Question 19

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior antlanto-occipital ligament was observed

Answer 19

About the age of 7

Question 20

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

Answer 20

A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

Question 21

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

Answer 21

Kimmerle’s anaomaly

Question 22

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

Answer 22

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

Question 23

Ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations

Answer 23

All ethnic populations studied this fare

Question 24

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

Answer 24

1%-41%

Question 25

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

Answer 25

Female

Question 26

What is the location of the "zygapophysis" relative to the Atlanto-occipital and Atlanto-axial interverterbal foramen

Answer 26

It forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

Question 27

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

Answer 27

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 28

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

Answer 28

Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

Question 29

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

Answer 29

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, lavator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarri muscles

Question 30

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

Answer 30

Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

Question 31

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called

Answer 31

Myodural bridges

Question 32

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

Answer 32

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

Question 33

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

Answer 33

The retrotransverse foramen

Question 34

Wha are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

Answer 34

The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

Question 35

Which of the ponticles of atlas is only observed in humans

Answer 35

Lateral bridges

Question 36

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

Answer 36

Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Question 37

What is the gender variation of measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

Answer 37

Male: 78mm Females: 72mm

Question 38

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

Answer 38

A little over 30mm for both males and females

Question 39

What joint classifications are observed at C1

Answer 39

Fibrous syndesmosis joint, synovial ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot joint and synovial plane joint

Question 40

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

Answer 40

Five

Question 41

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra

Answer 41

Atlas