Exam 2- Lumbar Spine

Question 1

What parts of the vertebrae may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5

Answer 1

Vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

Question 2

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view

Answer 2

Reniform or kidney-shaped

Question 3

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features

Answer 3

Anterior (lordotic)

Question 4

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve

Answer 4

The vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

Question 5

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae

Answer 5

Decrease in height, increase in circumference

Question 6

How many fibrous syndesmosis joints surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

Answer 6

4

Question 7

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

Answer 7

6

Question 8

How many synovial joints surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

Answer 8

None

Question 9

How many cartilaginous symphysis joints are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

How many fibrous syndesmosis joints surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What muscles attach to the first lumbar vertebral body

Answer 11

Psoas major and minor

Question 12

What muscle attaches to from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body

Answer 12

Psoas major

Question 13

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments

Answer 13

T12, L1

Question 14

What is the. Name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process

Answer 14

Transforaminal ligaments

Question 15

What ligaments attach thee vertebral body to the transverse process

Answer 15

Corportransverse ligaments

Question 16

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified

Answer 16

Superior and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

Question 17

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology

Answer 17

L1 and L5

Question 18

What are the types of Hofmann ligaments

Answer 18

Anterior, posterior and lateral Hofmann ligaments and proximal root sleeve ligaments

Question 19

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column

Answer 19

Cervical-upper thoracic region and lumbar region

Question 20

Cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

Answer 20

Dura mater to segments above

Question 21

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments

Answer 21

C6

Question 22

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments

Answer 22

Resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

Question 23

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

Answer 23

Dura mater to lower segment levels

Question 24

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments

Answer 24

Resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

Question 25

What is the proposed function of the proximal nerve root sleeve ligament

Answer 25

Resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

Question 26

What is the orientation of the pedicle in a typical lumbar

Answer 26

Posterior

Question 27

The pedicle attaches at what location on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

Answer 27

To the upper third or half of the vertebral body

Question 28

What ligaments attaches on the lamina of a typical lumbar

Answer 28

Ligamentum flavum

Question 29

What joint classifications will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment

Answer 29

Fibrous syndesmosis joint

Question 30

What osseous conditions of the lumbar vertebrae facilitated a spinal tap in this region

Answer 30

Overlap of the lamina, shingling, diminishes: overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

Question 31

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebrae

Answer 31

Triangular

Question 32

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebrae

Answer 32

Triangular

Question 33

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lull bars

Answer 33

Transverse

Question 34

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine

Answer 34

Cervicals have the greatest size, lumbar support next, thoracics are the smallest

Question 35

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

Answer 35

The conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

Question 36

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

Answer 36

The Cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

Question 37

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process

Answer 37

Each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increase in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length

Question 38

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process

Answer 38

Accessory process

Question 39

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition

Answer 39

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

Question 40

What ligament will attach to the lumbar accessory process

Answer 40

Mammillo-accessory ligament

Question 41

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament

Answer 41

The mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

Question 42

What was beleived to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

Answer 42

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

Question 43

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process

Answer 43

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

Question 44

What muscles mat attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae

Answer 44

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis and longus and intertransversarii

Question 45

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae

Answer 45

The lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and Intertransverse ligaments

Question 46

What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar

Answer 46

Fibrous syndesmosis

Question 47

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra

Answer 47

Zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

Question 48

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra

Answer 48

Vertebral body and pedicle

Question 49

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet

Answer 49

BUM; concave

Question 50

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet

Answer 50

FoLD; convex

Question 51

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process

Answer 51

Multifidis and interreansversarii

Question 52

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process

Answer 52

Mammillo-accessory ligament

Question 53

What was beleived to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

Answer 53

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the lumbar spinal nerve

Question 54

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular processes

Answer 54

Transforaminal ligaments

Question 55

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis

Answer 55

Synovial plane

Question 56

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra

Answer 56

4

Question 57

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children

Answer 57

Lies in the coronal plane

Question 58

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults

Answer 58

Saggital plane for L1/L2, L2/L3 AND L3/L4 | Coronal plane for L4/L5 sand L5/S1

Question 59

What is the name given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane

Answer 59

Joint symmetry

Question 60

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane or position

Answer 60

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

Question 61

What are the names of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

Answer 61

Baastrups syndrome or "kissing Spines"

Question 62

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process

Answer 62

Latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis and interspinalis