Exam I General Orginization of a Vertebra

Question 1

what is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine

Answer 1

cervical-rectangular, thoracic- triangular, lumbar- reniform

Question 2

what is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral bodies

Answer 2

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

Question 3

what is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of developing vertebral body

Answer 3

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

Question 4

what are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body

Answer 4

nutrient foramen or vascular foramina

Question 5

what large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body

Answer 5

the basivertebral venous foramen

Question 6

what is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch

Answer 6

the pedicle

Question 7

what is the name given to the feature located ar the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle

Answer 7

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure; the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 8

what is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine

Answer 8

cervical- posterollateral
thoracic- posterior, slight lateral
lumbar- posterior

Question 9

all lamina are orientated in what direction

Answer 9

posterior and median

Question 10

what ligament will attach to the lamina

Answer 10

the ligamentum flavum

Question 11

what is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum

Answer 11

para-articular process

Question 12

what classification of bone does the para-articular process represent

Answer 12

accessory bone

Question 13

what is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on X-ray

Answer 13

shingling

Question 14

what is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine

Answer 14

cervical articular pillar; thoracic lumbar- pars interarticularis

Question 15

what is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch- spinous process on lateral x-ray

Answer 15

the spinolaminar junction

Question 16

what is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch

Answer 16

the apophyseal regions

Question 17

what names may be given to each apophysis of the spine

Answer 17

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

Question 18

what is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine

Answer 18

cervical- anterolateral; thoracic- posterolateral; lumbar- lateral

Question 19

all non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature

Answer 19

the costal element

Question 20

what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process

Answer 20

the transverse tubercle

Question 21

what will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region

Answer 21

cervical nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

Question 22

what will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region

Answer 22

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

Question 23

what are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra

Answer 23

the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

Question 24

what will the articular process/articular apophysis support

Answer 24

the articular facet

Question 25

what is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple

Answer 25

the zygapophysis

Question 26

what is the name given to the bone surface at the front of the zygapophysis

Answer 26

the superior articular facet

Question 27

what is the name given to the bone surface at the back of the zygapophysis

Answer 27

the inferior articular facet

Question 28

what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis

Answer 28

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis

Question 29

what names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis

Answer 29

the inferior articular process, the inferior articular process, or post-zygapophysis

Question 30

what is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis

Answer 30

the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

Question 31

what is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis

Answer 31

the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

Question 32

what will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

Answer 32

the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

Question 33

what will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

Answer 33

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

Question 34

what will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

Answer 34

the superior vertebral notch of superior vertebral incisure

Question 35

what will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

Answer 35

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the PLL

Question 36

what is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis

Answer 36

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

Question 37

what is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray

Answer 37

imbrication

Question 38

what is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/spinous apophysis

Answer 38

the spinous tubercle

Question 39

what is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine

Answer 39

cervical- slight angle inferiorly thoracic- noticeable angle inferiorly lumbar- no inferior angle