Exam 2- Ch 7,8,9,18

Question 1

This refers to the microbial contamination

Answer 1

Sepsis

Question 2

This is an absence of significant contamination

Answer 2

Asepsis

Question 3

Aseptic surgery techniques prevent microbial contamination of ______

Answer 3

wounds

Question 4

This is the removal of all microbial life

Answer 4

Sterilization

Question 5

This is the killing C.botulinum endospores

Answer 5

Commercial Sterilization

Question 6

This is the removal of pathogens

Answer 6

Disinfections

Question 7

This is the disinfection of living tissue

Answer 7

Antisepsis

Question 8

Removing microbes from a limited area like the skin through hand washing

Answer 8

Degerming

Question 9

Lowering microbial counts on eating utensils and objects used in restaurants

Answer 9

Sanitization

Question 10

Inhibiting, not killing, microbes

Answer 10

Bacteriostasis

Question 11

This uses direct flame to kill microbes

Answer 11

Incineration

Question 12

The lowest temperature (variable) at which all the cells in a culture are killed in 10 mins

Answer 12

Thermal death point (TDP)

Question 13

The time (variable) during all cells in a culture are killed

Answer 13

Thermal death time (TDT)

Question 14

The minutes is takes to kill 90% of the population at a given temperature

Answer 14

Decimal Reduction Time (DRT)

Question 15

This form of moist heat sterilization steams things under pressure

Answer 15

Autoclave

Question 16

The _____ heat denatures protein

Answer 16

moist

Question 17

This reduces spillage organisms and pathogens

Answer 17

Pasteurization

Question 18

This kills by oxidation, examples are flaming, incineration, and hot-air sterilization, not as fast as autoclave

Answer 18

Dry Heat Sterilization

Question 19

_____ temperature lowers microbial metabolic and growth rates, slows down spoilage

Answer 19

Low Temperature

Question 20

High _____ denatures proteins

Answer 20

pressure

Question 21

______ prevents metabolism, the drying removes the water necessary for microbes to live

Answer 21

Desiccation

Question 22

_____ pressure causes plasmolysis, salting causes water to diffuse out of organisms causing dehydration and death.

Answer 22

Osmotic

Question 23

This causes thymine molecules to link together, causing impairment of chromosomes replication to occur

Answer 23

Ultraviolet Light

Question 24

Radiation of cells can affect the cells _____ and ______

Answer 24

Metabolism and Physiology

Question 25

_______ is commonly used to control microbes in food

Answer 25

Radiation

Question 26

Medical chemicals agents rarely achieve ______ but they do disinfect (destroy pathogens)

Answer 26

sterilization

Question 27

This halogen helps keep bacterial populations low in municipal water supplies and swimming pools

Answer 27

Chlorine

Question 28

This halogen is used to disinfect wounds water and restaurant equipment

Answer 28

Iodine

Question 29

Mercury, copper, silver are reactive proteins that disrupt ____ ______, killing microbes

Answer 29

cellular metabolism

Question 30

Silver Nitrate may be used to prevent _____ opthalmia neonatorum

Answer 30

Gonorrheal

Question 31

Silver sulfadiazine used as a topical cream on _____

Answer 31

burns

Question 32

____ is effective against vegetative cells but not spores

Answer 32

Ethanol

Question 33

Membrane disruption is caused by ____ distribution

Answer 33

Lipid

Question 34

Soaps remove microbes by _____ and solubilizing

Answer 34

emulsifying

Question 35

Detergents are _____ which mean they only effect the surface of the work they are working on

Answer 35

Surfactants

Question 36

_____ acids inhibit metabolism, control molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics, preventing endospore germination

Answer 36

Organic Acid

Question 37

The _____ Nisin and Natamycin prevent the spoilage of cheese

Answer 37

Antibiotics

Question 38

The study of what genes are, how they carry information, how information is expressed and how genes are replicated

Answer 38

Genetics

Question 39

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein

Answer 39

Gene

Question 40

Structure containing DNA that physically carried heredity info; the chromosomes contain the genes

Answer 40

Chromosomes

Question 41

All the genetic info in a cell

Answer 41

Genome

Question 42

____ is a blueprint for a cells proteins and is obtained from a parent cell or from another cell

Answer 42

DNA

Question 43

A Cell uses its genetic information in DNA to make _____, including enzymes

Answer 43

Proteins

Question 44

Genetic information can be transferred between cells of the same generation, called _______

Answer 44

Recombination

Question 45

Genetic information can be transferred between generation of cells called ______

Answer 45

Replication

Question 46

Genetic information is used within a cell to produce proteins needed for the cell to function, this is called

Answer 46

Expression

Question 47

______ give resistance to antibiotics

Answer 47

Plasmids

Question 48

What are the four polymers of nucleotides?

Answer 48

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine

Question 49

____ helix is associated with proteins

Answer 49

Double

Question 50

The backbone of DNA is deoxyribose-______

Answer 50

Phosphate

Question 51

Strands are held together by _____ bonds, AT and CG

Answer 51

Hydrogen

Question 52

Strands of DNA are known to be __________

Answer 52

antiparallel

Question 53

What is the Central Dogma?

Answer 53

DNA to RNA to protein

Question 54

Name three types of RNA

Answer 54

mRNA tRNA rRNA

Question 55

During ______ mRNA is translated in Codons (three nucleotides)

Answer 55

Translation

Question 56

Translation of mRNA begins at the start codon ___

Answer 56

AUG

Question 57

Translation ends at the nonsense codons, example are ___ ___ or ___

Answer 57

UAA UAG or UGA