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A&P 1 > EXAM 2- CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

EXAM 2- CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

top layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium and 4 others

A

epidermis

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2
Q

synthesize waterproofing keratin protein

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

make melanin pigment protein

A

melanocytes

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4
Q

migrate from bone marrow, immune activator, also known as dendritic cells

A

Langerhans cells

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5
Q

deep epidermis , light touch pressure receptors

A

merkel cells

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6
Q

merkel cells are also known as cutaneous or ___ receptors

A

mechanical

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7
Q

stratum corneum

A

20-20 layers of flat dead keratinized cells slough off replaced from below

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8
Q

3-5 layers, clear extra protection in palms/soles

A

stratum lucidum

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9
Q

3-5 layers, state of degeneration

A

stratum granulosum

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10
Q

8-10 layers, most keratinocytes connected by desmosomes (protein that holds cells together)

A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

(germination) single layer of stem cells in active mitosis, helps heal injuries

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

forms keratinocytes and melanocytes
the proteins woven in
between is how it differentiates from the other layers
also has BLOOD VESSELS

A

dermis

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13
Q

what cells make up the epidermis

A

fibroblasts (make protein fibers), macrophages(immune), and adipocytes(fat cells)

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14
Q

what type of connective tissue is found in the papillary region

A

areolar connective (loose)

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15
Q

bumpy velcro
ridges create fingerprints

A

dermal papillae

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16
Q

tactile, sensory receptors for touch/ pressure

A

meissner’s corpuscles

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17
Q

what two things are found in the papillary region

A

meisner’s corpuscles and dermal papillae

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18
Q

what type of tissue is found in the reticular region

A

dense, irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

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19
Q

what do the elastic fibers and collagen do to the skin?

A

make it flexible

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20
Q

the tissue of the reticular region is ___ woven

A

tightly

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21
Q

the tissue of the papillary is ___ woven

A

loosely

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22
Q

sensory receptors for deep pressure

A

pacinian corpuscles

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23
Q

name some functions of the integumentary system

A

bob-body temp regulation
prayed- protection
so- sensation
evelyn- excretion
is- immunity
boss-blood reservoir
vampire- vitamin d synthesis

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24
Q

what are the organs of the integumentary system

A

skin hair nails sweat glands and oil glands

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25
superficial fascia (adipose tissue)
hypodermis
26
where are mesiners corpusclecs found and what do they do
they are found in the papillary region of the dermis, in the upper region. they are responsible for light touch
27
where are pacinian corpuscles found and what do they do
they are found in the reticular region in the lower part, they are responsible for DEEP pressure
28
what gives color to our skin
protein pigments called melanin
29
how is melanin created
secreted by melanocytes
30
what determines skin color
the amount of pigment
31
brown/black pigment from amino acid tyrosine
melanin
32
yellow orange pigment, precursor of vitamin A
carotene
33
blood pigment gives "pink" caucasian color due to dermal capillaries
hemoglobin
34
hemoglobin (Hb) depleted of oxygen (looks blueish)
cyanosis
35
liver disorder, increase of bile come from heme recycling (looks yellowish)
jaundice
36
what do u know ab hair and follicles
growths protection decreases heat loss
37
what is the anatomy of hair and follicles
columns of dead keratinized cells
37
above surface
hair shaft
38
name the layers of the hair
cuticle (outer), cortex (middle), medulla (inner)
38
below surface, deep into dermis
root
38
what surrounds the root
follicle
38
base, houses papilla
bulb
39
areolar connective, blood vessels deliver nutrients
papilla
40
responsible for goosebumps changes the shape of the hair follicle
arrector pili
41
nerve endings to cause sensation
hair root plexus
42
what provides blood for hair growth
papilla
43
explain what you know about male pattern baldness
its genetic and caused by increase of testosterone, if the use a vasodialtor to dilate the blood bessles, this will increase blood flow and allow for more oxygen and nutrients to reach the hair
44
what causes the color of hair
melanocytes called eumelanin and pheomelanin
45
what causes grey hair
when there is a decrease in melanin
46
oil glands connected to hair follicle
sebaceous glands
47
where are sebaceous glands located
anywhere but the palms, soles
48
what do sebaceous glands do
secrete sebum made of fats, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts
49
what are some functions of the sebaceous glands
moistens hair, decreases skins water loss, keeps skin pliable, decreases most bacteria growth
50
what are the two types of sudoriferous glands
eccrine and apocrin
51
open to epidermis and are the most common sweat gland
eccrine
52
mainly found in axillary regions and opens to the hair follicle
apocrine
53
what is found in sweat
water, na , cl , urea, uric acid, ammonia, glucose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid
54
make ear wax and prevent microbe penetratoin
ceruminous glands
55
three burns
epidermis- 1st degree thru dermis- 2nd degree thru hypodermis - 3rd degree
56
mutation of the skin cells causing uncontrolled mitosis
skin cancer
57
stratum basale origin, most common and fairly noninvasive
basal cell carcinoma
58
mostly keratinocytes of spinosum, can metastisize
squamous cell carcinoma
59
most aggressive, invasive, malignant due to an increase in melanocyte migration
melanoma
60
if the epidermis is only affected the ___ uses cell division to fill in the gaps
stratum basale
61
if the dermis is affected___ occurs. this means that ___ are secreted to repair the matrix
1. clotting 2. fibroblasts
62
in thermoregulation, name the effectors and the effects
the sudiferous (effectors) produce sweat (effect) , this vasodilates blood vessels also blood vessels can be an effector and cause the effect of blood vessels dilating
63
what do choleciferol do ?
1. increase mall intestine absorptino of Calcium 2. increase kidney absorption of calcium 3. increase calcium release from bone
64
vitamin d is included in a ___
chemical conversion
65
explain conversion of dehydrocholesterol
Dehydro-> choleciferol due to uv->>travels to kidneys where it is converted to vitamin d3/calcitrol

A&P 1 (7 decks)

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