Exam# 2 Chapters 7 & 8 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
-an organ made up of several tissues
A
bone
2
Q
-bone, cartilage, dense connective, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue, are the tissues associated with _____
A
bone
3
Q
-the entire framework of bones and their cartilages
A
skeletal system
4
Q
-bones, muscles, and joints form an integrated system called the _____
A
musculoskeletal system
5
Q
-branch of medical science concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called ____
A
orthopedics
6
Q
-bone of the adult skeleton are grouped into two particular divisions the ____ and ____
A
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
7
Q
-the bones of the _____ consists of:
- skull
- hyoid bone
- auditory ossicles
- vertebral column
- thorax
A
axial skeleton
8
Q
-the bones of the ____ consists of:
- pectoral girdles
- upper limbs
- pelvic girdle
- lower limbs
A
appendicular skeleton
9
Q
-the skull consists of:
A
cranium
face
10
Q
-the thorax consist of:
A
sternum
ribs
11
Q
-the pectoral girdles consist of:
A
clavicle
scapula
12
Q
-the upper limbs consist of:
A
humerus ulna radius carpals metacarpals phalanges
13
Q
-the pelvic girdle consist of:
A
hip
pelvic or coxal bone
14
Q
-the lower limbs consist of:
A
femur patella fibula tibia tarsals metatarsals phalanges
15
Q
- bones that are slightly curved and mostly compact bone tissue
- strong bones
- Ex: femur, fibula, tibia, humerous
A
long bones
16
Q
- bones that are mostly spongy
- cubed shaped and nearly equal in length and width
- Ex: carpals and tarsals
A
short bones
17
Q
- parallel plates of compact bone
- for protection
- Ex: cranial bones, sternum, scapula
A
flat bones
18
Q
- bones that are complex in shape
- Ex: vertebrae, hip bones
A
irregular bones
19
Q
- bone shaped like sesame seed
- develop in tendons with friction
- located in the knee, hands. talus of foot
A
sesamoid bone
20
Q
-sites allowing the passage of soft tissue (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons) or formation of joints
A
depressions and openings
21
Q
-narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerve pass
A
fissure
22
Q
-opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass
A
foramen
23
Q
-shallow depressions
A
fossa
24
Q
-furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessels, nerve, or tendons
A
sulcus
25
-tubelike openings
meatus
26
-projections or outgrowths of bone that form joints or attach points for connective tissue, such as ligaments and tendons
processes
27
-large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at the end of bone
condyle
28
-smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface
facet
29
-usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone
head
30
-prominent ridge or elongated projections
crest
31
-typically roughened projection above condyle
epicondyle
32
-long, narrow ridge or border
line
33
-sharp, slender projection
spinous process
34
-very large projection
trochanter
35
-variably sized rounded projection
tubercle
36
-variably sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface
tuberosity
37
-bony framework of the head
skull
38
-form the cranial cavity, which encloses and protects the brain
cranial bones
39
-bones that form the face
facial bones
40
-bone that forms the forehead
frontal bone
41
-form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
parietal bones
42
-form the inferior lateral aspect of the cranium and part of the cranial floor
temporal bones
43
-projecting from the inferior portion of the temporal squama is the _____
zygomatic process
44
- directs sound waves into the ear
| - also called the ear canal
external auditory meatus
45
-rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus
mastoid process
46
-projects inferior from inferior surface of the temporal bone and serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and neck
styloid process
47
- the frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
- sphenoid
- ethmoid bones are bones of the _____
cranial
48
-the nasal bones
-maxillae
zygomatic bones
-lacrimal bones
-palatine bones
inferior nasal conchae
-mandible
-vomer make up the _____
facial bones
49
-forms the posterior part and most of the cranium
occipital bone
50
- the inferior part of the occipital bone
- the medulla oblongata connects with the spinal cord connects here
- vertebral and spinal arteries pass through
foramen magnum
51
- lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
- called the keystone of the cranial floor b/c it articulates with all other cranial bones
- resembles are butterfly
sphenoid bone
52
- bony saddle-shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid
- in center of sphenoid
sella turcica
53
- delicate bone located in anterior part of the cranial floor
- spongelike appearance
ethmoid bone
54
-partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
nasal septum
55
-of the ethmoid bones lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity
cribriform plate
56
-projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is a triangular process called ____
crista galli
57
-small, flattened, rectangular-shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose
nasal bones
58
- thin and roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape
| - smallest bones of the facelacrimal
lacrimal bones
59
-L-shaped bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate
palatine bones
60
- scroll-like bones
| - increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and help swirl and filter air before it passes into the lungs
inferior nasal conchae
61
- roughly triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity
| - it forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum
vomer
62
- unite to form the upper jawbone
| - articulates with every bone of the face except the mandible
maxillae
63
-the bony roof of the mouth
hard palate
64
- opening in the maxilla
| - allows passage of the infraorbital blood vessels and nerve
infraorbital foramen
65
- lower jawbone
- largest, strongest facial bone
- the only movable skull bone
mandible
66
- inferior to the second premolar
| - spot where dentist injects anesthisia
mental foramen
67
- immovable joint that holds most skull bones together in adults
- in infants, they are often movable and function as growth centers
suture
68
-suture that unites the frontal bone and both parietal bones
coronal sutures
69
- suture that unites the parietal bones on the superior midline
- in infants, resembles an arrow
sagittal suture
70
-suture unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone
lambdoid suture
71
-flat suture, unites the parietal and temporal bones on the lateral aspects of the skull
squamous sutures
72
- incomplete cranial bones
- areas where unossified mesenchyme develops into dense connective tissues of the skull
- commonly called" soft spots"
frontanels
73
- largest frontanel, shaped like a diamond
| - unpaired
anterior frontanel
74
- located at the midline among two parietal bones and occipital bone
- unpaired
posterior frontanel
75
- irregular in shape
- located laterally among the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
- paired
anterolateral frontanel
76
- irregularly shaped
| - located among the parietal, occipital, and temperal bones
posterolateral frontanel
77
- U shaped bone
- does not articulate with any other bone
- supports the tongue, provides attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, neck, and pharynx
hyoid bone
78
- composed of a series of bones vertebrae
- consists of the bone and connective tissue, the spinal cord
- movable
- also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column
vertebral column
79
- the 7 bones in the neck region
| - movable
cervical vertebrae
80
- the 12 bones posterior to the thoracic cavity
| - movable
thoracic vertebrae
81
- the 5 bones supporting the lower back
| - movable
lumbar vertebrae
82
- 1 bone, consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae
| - do not move
sacrum
83
- 1 bone, usually consisting of four coccgeal vertebrae
| - do not move
coccyx
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- the ____ and ____ are convex curves (bulging out)
| - the ____ and ____ are concave curves (cupping in)
cervical and lumbar
thoracic and sacral
85
- a _____ has one curve
| - an _____ has four curves
fetus
adult
86
-secondary curve, formed by 7 vertebrae
cervical curve
87
-primary curve, formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae
thoracic curve
88
-secondary curve, formed by 5 lumbar vertebrae
lumbar curve
89
-primary curve, formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae
sacral curve
90
-formed by the overlapping of two bones
intervertebal disc
91
-found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae from second cervical vertebrae to the sacrum
intervertebral disc
92
-the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion, is the weight
| bearing part of a vertebrae
vertebral body
93
- formed by the pedicles and flat laminae
| - extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebrae
vertebral arch
94
- smaller than other vertebrae
| - has 3 foramina called vertebral foramen and and 2 transverse foramina
cervical vertebrae
95
- the first cervical vertebrae inferior to the skull
- a ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large lateral masses
- allows the head to say "yes"
atlas
96
- the second cervical vertebrae
- has a peglike process called the ____, which makes a pivot on which the atlas and head rotate
- allows the head to say "no"
axis
97
- larger and stronger then the cervical vertebrae
- articulates with the ribs
- has articular surfaces called facets or demifacets
thoracic vertebrae
98
-the largest and strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column b/c of the amount of body weight supported
lumbar vertebrae
99
- triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral vertebrae
- serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
- in females its shorter and wider
sacrum
100
- triangular in shape
- in females it points inferiorly to allow the passage for a baby
- in males it points anteriorly
coccyx
101
-is a bony enclosure formed by the sternum. ribs, and their costal cartilages, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
thoracic cage
102
-breastbone, is a flat narrow bone located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall
sternum
103
-parts of the sternum
- the superior part is the ____
- the middle and largest part is the ____
- the smallest part is the ____, this can be fractured during CPR
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
104
-12 pairs of bones that gives structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity
ribs
105
- 1 to 7 pairs if ribs have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum by a strip of hyaline cartilage called ____
- can prevent fracturing of the ribs and sternum
costal cartilage
106
- spaces between ribs are called ____
- are occupied by muscle, blood vessels and nerves
- allows surgical access to the lungs and other structures in thoracic cavity
intercostal spaces
107
- ribs 1 to 7 are the ____
- ribs 8 to 12 are the ____
- ribs 11 and 12 are the ____
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
108
- the ____ attach the bones of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- it consist of the ____ and ____
pectoral girdles
clavicle and scapula
109
-the ____ is the anterior bone of the pectoral girdle, and the ____ is the posterior bone
clavicle
| scapula
110
-the ____ unite anteriorly at the ____ and posteriorly at the sacrum to form the ____
hip bones
pubic symphysis
bony pelvis
111
-the ____ is the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone
pubis
112
- the joint between the two pubes of the hip bones
| - consist of fibrocartilage
pubic symphysis
113
- the _____ pelvis is wider and shallower
| - to accommodate the infants head at childbirth
females
114
- the axial skeleton has _____ bones
- the appendicular skeleton has ____ bones
- the entire skeleton has ____ bones
80 axial
126 appendicular
206 entire skeleton
115
The size, weight, and width of the ____ pelvis is the difference then in ____
females
males
116
- a ridge on the posterior side of the femur which muscles attach to
Línea aspera
117
-the epiphyseal plate becomes the _____ , it's an example of _____
- epiphyseal line
| - syntosis
118
-the purpose of the curves in the spine is to _____
bare weight
119
-trabeculae are formed on the _____
stressline
120
- when the cartilage model grows in thickness due to more extracellular matrix
- it's accompanied by new chondroblast
- the medullary canal widens
appositional growth
