Exam 2 - D/V, dehydration

Question 1

faster ___ ___ result in higher evaporative water loss

Answer 1

respiratory rate

Question 2

is a child more likely to lose extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid

Answer 2

ECF

Question 3

the amount of fluid digested should be ___ to the amount of fluid lost

Answer 3

equal

Question 4

must know ABG

Answer 4

must know ABG

Question 5

treatment of metabolic acid-base disturbance is oriented towards ___ the underlying problem

Answer 5

correcting

Question 6

the treatment of respiratory acid-base imbalance is directed towards ___ ___ ___

Answer 6

reestablishing alveolar ventilation

Question 7

what are the 3 major consequences of diarrhea

Answer 7

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
metabolic acidosis

Question 8

what are some causes of diarrhea

Answer 8

fungal overgrowth
food intolerance
malabsorption
meds
colon disease
IBS
intestinal obstruction
emotional stress
infectious disease

Question 9

the frequency, fluidity, and volume of stools

Answer 9

diarrhea

Question 10

major cause of diarrhea in infants

Answer 10

norovirus
rotovirus

Question 11

a sudden increase in frequency/consistency of stools

Answer 11

acute diarrhea

Question 12

acute diarrhea is associated with which 3 things

Answer 12

URI
abx (test for c. diff)
laxatives

Question 13

acute diarrhea treatment

Answer 13

usually resolves on its own unless dehydration occurs

Question 14

how is acute infectious disease/infectious gastroenteritis (AGE) transmitted

Answer 14

fecal-oral route

Question 15

3 causes of AGE

Answer 15

viral
bacterial
parasitic

rotavirus is the most common

Question 16

forcible ejection of stomach contents through the mouth

Answer 16

vomiting

Question 17

what nervous system is associated with vomiting

Answer 17

autonomic nervous system

Question 18

possible causes of vomiting

Answer 18

infections
obstructions
motion sickness
metabolic alterations
psychological alterations

Question 19

hypernatremic (hypertonic) vs. hyponatremic (hypotonic) vs. isonatremic (isotonic)

Answer 19

hyper: high Na
hypo: low Na
iso: Na WNL

Question 20

mild vs. moderate vs. severe dehydration & parameters

Answer 20

mild: < 5% body weight
moderate: 5-10% body weight
severe: > 10% body weight

Question 21

s/sx of mid dehydration

Answer 21

normal VS
flat fontanelles

Question 22

s/sx moderate dehydration

Answer 22

increase HR
decreased UOP
dry mucous membranes

Question 23

s/sx severe diarrhea

Answer 23

dry mucous membranes
delayed cap refill
sunken fontanelles
no tears
little to no UOP

Question 24

additional s/sx of dehydration

Answer 24

fewer wet diapers than normal
no tears when crying
dry mouth
irritability
high-pitched dry
difficulty awakening
increase RR, difficulty breathing
sunken soft spot
sunken eyes with dark circles
abnormal skin color, temp., or dryness

Question 25

s/sx of shock

Answer 25

change in HR decrease LOC decrease UOP dry skin, mucous membranes sunken fontanelles (infants) decreased or absence of fears

Question 26

where to assess skin turgor on peds

Answer 26

abdomen

Question 27

treatment of choice for mild dehydration

Answer 27

oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Question 28

is vomiting contraindicated for ORS

Answer 28

No

Question 29

dehydration treatment if breast feeding

Answer 29

continue to breast feed ORS supplement may be used

Question 30

BRAT

Answer 30

Bananas Rice Applesauce Toast

Question 31

discouraging foods during V/D

Answer 31

fruit juice soft drinks spicy foods fatty foods

Question 32

how often and how much fluid to give to assess how it can be handled

Answer 32

1 tsp q10-15 minutes

Question 33

main treatment for critically-ill child with hypovolemic shocks is ___ ___

Answer 33

fluid resuscitation

Question 34

signs of improvement of hypovolemic shock

Answer 34

decrease HR improved UOP decrease RR improved LOC

Question 35

how many mL/kg for daily fluid maintenance

Answer 35

100 mL/kg: first 10 kg 50 mL/kg: second 10 kg 20 mL/kg: remaining body weight divide total amount by 24 hours to obtain mL/hour

Question 36

minimum UOP for infants and toddlers

Answer 36

>2-3 mL/kg/hr

Question 37

minimum UOP for preschooler and young school-aged

Answer 37

> 1-2 mL/kg/hr

Question 38

minimum UOP for school-aged and adolescent

Answer 38

0.5-1 mL/kg/hr

Question 39

should you administer K+ if UOP is not age appropriate

Answer 39

No

Question 40

give no more than __ mEq/L of K+ at a rate no faster than __ 1 mEq/kg/hr

Answer 40

40; 1