Exam 2 - DNA Flashcards by Estee C

__________ first person to isolate and describe the material that we now call DNA from pus cells of surgical patients

Friedrich Miescher

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(T/F) Meischer found that DNA contained phosphorus and nitrogen in a “unique” ratio like proteins

False

ratio, yes. but not like proteins

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Which of the ff is false about Meischer’s findings about DNA?
a. speculated that the material functioned in the storage of phosphorus
for cells
b. Named the extracted material “nuclein”
c. detected it in yeast, liver, kidney, and nucleated blood cells
d. nature of the precipitate was similar to some known
proteins

it’s unlike any other proteins

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_______ demonstrated that DNA is the carrier of genetic information using bacterial transformation of pneumococcal cells

Frederick Griffith

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Credited for the discovery of DNA

a. R. Franklin
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Meischer
d. Griffith

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which of the ff is false about Griffith’s experiments on DNA?

a. bacteria exist in two formsthat differed in the nature of their capsules and virulence
b. the S-form is the lethal form
c. the S-form is the nonlethal form
d. the R-form is the nonlethal form

S = lethal!

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(T/F) according to Griffith’s experiments, the S-form can be transformed into the R-form

False

R to S (nonlethal to lethal)

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(T/F) according to Griffith’s experiment, when the heat killed S-form is injected into mouse, it caused the transformation of the live R-form

true

Coinjection of heat killed
S and live R forms were lethal

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Which of the following is false about Avery, McCarty and Macleod’s findings on DNA?

a. reported that the “transforming principle or substance” was DNA
b. DNA was not destroyed by proteases, lipases or ribonuclease
c. DNA is precipitated by alcohol, like carbohydrates
d. DNA is high in molecular weight

not like carbs!

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_____ scientist that worked on Diplococcus pneumoniae at Rockefeller Institute

Oswald Avery

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________ deterimined the determine composition of

the genetic material of bacteriophage using the blender experiment

Hershey and Chase

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(T/F) bacteriophage replicate by injecting their DNA into bacteria

true

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(T/F) In Hershey and Chase’s experiments on bacteriophage, they found that 32P labeled DNA was found in the cells and 35S labeled proteins in the external phage coats were found in the supernatant

true

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which is false about Hershey and Chase’s experiments?

a. Nucleic acids minimally contain sulfur
b. phage DNA labeled bacteria produced progeny phage
c. radioactive phosphorus (32 P) labels nucleic acid
d. radioactive sulfur ( 35 S) which labels proteins

DNA has no sulfur!

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_______ described the double helix structure

Watson and Crick

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_______ studied DNA structure using x-ray diffraction

R. Franklin and M. Wilkins

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_______ found that the four DNA bases occurred in varying proportions in
DNA’s of different organisms but number of A’s = T’s and number of G’s = C’s

Erwin Chargaff

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______ and ____ methods used by Chargaff to separate the bases and measure their amounts

paper chromatography and spectophotometry

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which of the ff does not apply to nucleic acids (DNA) structure?

a. RNA is not a polymer
b. DNA subunits are monomeric nucleotides
c. nucleotides have nitrogenous base and phosphate group
d. nucleotides have five carbon sugar group

RNA and DNA are nucleic acid polymers!

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(T/F) Nucleosides consist of only the nitrogenous base covalently linked to the
sugar

true

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(T/F) Nucleic acids are monomers with nucleotide subunits

false

are polymers!

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(T/F) nucleotide subunits or DNA have a nitrogenous base, phosphate group and sugar vs RNA that has a nitrogenous base and sugar only

False

DNA and RNA have nitrogenous base, phosphate group and five carbon sugar group

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which of the ff is not part of a nitrogenous group in DNA?

a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil
d. guanine

uracil only found in RNA

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which of the ff is not part of a nitrogenous group in RNA?

a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil
d. guanine

thymine only found in DNA

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which of the ff is a mismatch? a. pyrimidine - adenine b. purine - guanine c. cytosine - DNA and RNA d. uracil - RNA

A pyrimidine = cytosine, thymine, uracil

which of the ff is a purine? a. cytosine b. uracil c. thymine d. adenine

which of the ff is a mismatch? a. pyrimidine - uracil b. thymine - DNA only c. purine - guanine d. pyrimidine - cytosine

none of the above :)

(T/F) purines adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA

true

(T/F) pyrimidines cytosine and thymine are both found in RNA

FALSE ``` cytosine = DNA and RNA thymine = DNA only ```

(T/F) pyrimidines cytosine and uracil are both found in RNA

true

(T/F) RNA contains β-D-ribose, a hydroxylated 2' carbon that forms a ribonucleoside

true

(T/F) DNA contains β-D-deoxyribose, a hydroxylated 2' carbon that forms a deoxyribonucleoside

false 2' carbon NOT hydroxylated

____ a bond where a nitrogen of a base is linked to the same carbon (C-1’) used in sugar sugar bonds

N- glycosidic linkage or bond

_____ is made up of nucleosides in which a phosphate group is joined to the C5’hydroxyl group of a ribonucleoside

ribonucleotides

_____ nucleosides in which a phosphate group is joined to the C5’ hydroxyl group of a deoxyribonucleoside

deoxyribonucleotides

(T/F) Nucleotides are named for the parent nucleoside with the suffix “monophosphate” added along with the number of the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group atom to which the phosphate group is esterified

true

which of the ff is NOT a ribonucleotide? a. adenylate b. Guanylate c. Uridylate d. Thymylate e. Cytidylate

D there's no such thing. remember its a RIBOnucleotide!

which of the ff is NOT a deoxyribonucleotide? a. deoxyadenylate b. deoxyguanylate c. deoxyuridylate d. deoxythymidylate e. deoxycytidylate

C this is only in ribonucleotides

_____ the nucleotide bond that is formed by the joining of phosphodiester linkages between the hydroxyl groups of the 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of adjacent residues

3’,5’phosphodiester bond

(T/F) the phosphate groups of nucleotides are negatively charged

true

(T/F) Nucleic acids have a chemical polarity, indicated to in the DNA or RNA chain by referring to one end as the 5’ end and the other as the 3’ end

true

_____ the alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate linkages that is constant but with differing bases

sugar-phosphate backbone

(T/F) the bases of the sugar-phosphate backbone encodes the genetic information

true

____ the bond between the bases that joins the complementary strands of the DNA double helix

hydrogen bonds

(T/F) the polarity of the DNA strands run parallel to each other

false is antiparallel

which of the ff is not true about the structure of DNA? a. bulkier two-ring pyrimidine base is paired with a single-ring purine base b. base pairing is energetically favorable c. sugar-phosphate backbones are equal distance apart d.

A bulkier two-ring = purine single ring = pyrimidine

(T/F) three hydrogen bonds form between A and T , whereas two hydrogen bonds form between G and C

false

(T/F) an unlinked -OH group is found in both 3' ends and 5' ends of the DNA strand

false at 3' end= unlinked -OH at 3C sugar ring at 5' end, free phosphate group is attached to 5'C of sugar ring

which of the ff is false about the DNA structure? a. One complete turn of the helix spans 10 base pairs b. a turn of the helix is 34Å (3. 4 nm) c. phosphate groups attract Na + and Mg 2+ and positively charged basic proteins d. Empty spaces called “grooves” occur on both sides of the helix

all is true :)

(T/F) Proteins that regulate gene expression require access to the H-bonds between base pairs in the interior of the DNA helix in order to recognize specific nucleotide sequence

false specific nucleotide sequences of DNA is recognized thru info on the outside of the helix

(T/F) the outer surface of the helix presents distinctive patterns of Hbond donors and acceptors, and hydrophobic areas for proteins to recognize in both grooves but the most bind to the minor groove

false binds to the MAJOR groove, this shows significant patterns

(T/F) In major groove, each of the four base pair arrangements projects a unique pattern of features while in the minor groove patterns are similar for the base pairs

true

_____ proteins that function in gene regulation by binding specific DNA sequences on the major groove

helix-turn-helix motif

_____ the DNA terminal that is called the recognition helix because it regulates sequence-specific binding of protein to the DNA

carboxy-terminal portion

which is DNA conformation is found in dehydrated DNA samples, may occur in vivo or an artifact of preparation? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA

``` which is DNA conformation can occur in vivo and may be produced from B-DNA by rotating the base pairs 180 degrees? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA ```

which is DNA conformation has a zigzag appearance when rotated? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA

which is DNA conformation has their base pairs tilted instead of perpendicular to helix axis ? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA

which is DNA conformation are right handed helixes? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA

A and C

which is DNA conformation is the major type found in nature? a. A-DNA b. Z-DNA c. B-DNA

(T/F) DNA have very regular | structure with little variation

false

(T/F) most DNA sequences have local irregularities that gives it greater variability, are recognized by DNA binding proteins and impt in gene regulation

true

_______ a classic method used in DNA sequencing

Dideoxy Method

_____ developed the classic method used for DNA sequencing

Coulson and Sanger

(T/F) in the dideoxy method, the ddnTPs used lack 3’ OH and block addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates at the 3'end

true

which of the following is a nucleoside? a. adenosine b. uracil c. ATP d. dNTP

A uracil - base only ATP - a nucleotide dNTP - deoxynucleoside

which of the ff is not a nucleotide? a. AMP b. adenylate c. uridylate d. adenosine

D adenosine is a nucleoSIDE

which of the ff is a ribonucleotide? a. adenosine b. cytidylate c. uridine d. thymidylate

B thymidylate is not in RNA!

which of the ff is not a deoxyribonucleotide? a. thymidylate b. deoxyuridylate c. dGMP d. deoxycytidylate

B no uridine in DNA

(T/F) a phosphate group can be added to the C5' hydroxyl groups of deoxyribo and ribonucleosides to form nucleotides

true

(T/F) a nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate group added to its C2' hydroxyl group

false phosphate group is added to the C5' OH group of -SIDES

which of the ff is NOT a nucleotide? a. dCMP b. adenylate c. UMP d. deoxycytidylate

none of the above. all are nucleotides :)

(T/F) upon adding to the C5' OH group of nucleotides, the phosphate group becomes esterified

false phosphates are added to nucleoSIDEs

Exam 2 - DNA Flashcards

(73 cards)