Flashcards in EXAM #2: HIV II Deck (23):
1
When does most perinatal transmission of HIV occur?
During vaginal delivery
2
When in a pregnancy is there the highest risk for vertical transmission of HIV? What are the implications?
Late in third trimester
*Screen/ diagnose HIV early in mother and treat her
3
What are the precautions that are taken to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV?
1) HAART to Mom
2) Post-exposure prophylaxis to baby
3) Consider c-section?
4
At what CD4 T-cell count can secondary syphilis occur?
Any CD4 count
5
How does the rash on the thorax/ palms-soles compare to a condyloma lata?
Condyloma lata= raised lesion that is FULL of treponema
6
How is PCP diagnosed in AIDS patients?
Bronchoalveolar lavage
7
What is the first line treatment for PCP in AIDS?
TMP-SMX
8
What is the difference between primary prophylaxis and secondary?
Primary= no disease, trying to prevent it
Secondary= had disease, want to prevent it from coming back
9
What is late diagnosis of HIV?
Patient is diagnosed with HIV when they already have AIDS
10
Why do you want to have patients with HIV diagnosed early vs. late?
Early diagnosis= normal life-expectancy IF compliant
Late diagnosis= 10-30 years of life-lost
11
When do you start primary prophylaxis for PCP?
CD4+ less than 200
12
When do you start primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis?
CD4+ less than 100
13
When do you start primary prophylaxis for MAC?
CD4+ less than 50
14
What are the guidelines for starting HAART or cART?
Any HIV+ patient should be treated
15
What drug is the CCR5 inhibitor?
Maraviroc
*Note that this CANNOT be used for a R4 trophic virus
16
If a drug blocks gp41, what is its mechanism of action?
Fusion inhibitor
17
What is the general mechanism of action of the NRTIs and NNRTIs?
Inhibition of reverse transcriptase
18
What two drugs are used for PrEP and post-exposure prophylaxis?
1) Tenofovoir
2) Emtricitabine
19
What drug requires HLA genomic testing?
Abacavir
*If positive, could develop life-threatening anaphylaxis
20
What is IRIS?
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
*Atypical inflammatory disorders associated with immune recovery
21
What NNRTI is teratogenic?
Efavirenz
22
What is the adverse effect associated with protease inhibitors?
Decrease the efficacy of birth control
23