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Biochem 2 > Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Exam 2 Material Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _____ of many organisms, and in the _____ of plants.

A

cytosol

chloroplasts

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2
Q

The long carbon chains of fatty acids are assembled in a _____ __-___ _____ _____.

A

Repeating Four-Step Reaction Sequence

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3
Q

The repeating four-step reaction sequences yield a saturated _____ group.

A

acyl

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4
Q

The saturated acyl group from the repeating four-step reaction sequence becomes the substrate for _____ reactions with an activated _____ group.

A

condensation

malonyl

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5
Q

Each time the fatty acyl chain passed through the cycle, the fatty acyl chain is lengthened by _____ _____.

A

two carbons

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6
Q

When the acyl chain reaches ___ carbons, the product _____ the cycle.

A

16

leaves

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7
Q

The 16 carbon product from biosynthesis is _____ acid.

A

Palmitic (16:0)

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8
Q

Carbons 15 and 16 of the palmitiate molecule are derived from the _____ and _____ carbon atoms of the _____ by was of _____.

A

methyl
carboxyl
acetyl-CoA
malonyl-CoA

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9
Q

_____ _____ _____ is the multienzyme complex that carries out all of the fatty acid synthesis reactions.

A

Fatty Acid Synthase

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10
Q

The fatty acid synthase complex has _____ separate _____.

A

seven

activities

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11
Q

In bacteria and plants, there are seven activities in _____ separate polypeptides

A

seven

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12
Q

In yeast, there are seven activities in _____ separate polypeptides.

A

two

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13
Q

In vertebrates, there are seven activities in a _____ _____ polypeptide.

A

single, large

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14
Q

In _____&_____ there are seven activities in seven separate polypeptides

A

bacteria and plants

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15
Q

In _____, there are seven activities in two separate polypeptides.

A

yeast

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16
Q

In _____, there are seven activities in a single, large polypeptide.

A

vertebrates

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17
Q

The full name of the protein - ACP - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Acyl Carrier Protein

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18
Q

The full name of the protein - KS - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase

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19
Q

The full name of the protein - AT - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Acetyl-CoA-ACP-Transacetylase

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20
Q

The full name of the protein - MT - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

Malonyl-CoA-ACP Transferase

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21
Q

The full name of the protein - KR - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase

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22
Q

The full name of the protein - HD - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

Study These Flashcards
A

B-Hydroxyacyl-ACP-Dehydratase

23
Q

The full name of the protein - ER - in the fatty acid synthase complex is…

Study These Flashcards
A

Enoyl-ACP Reductase

24
Q

_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that transfers acyl group from CoA to Cysteine residue of B-Ketoacyl-ACP synthase

Study These Flashcards
A

Acetyl-CoA-ACP-Transacetylase (AT)

25
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that carries acyl groups in thioester linkages
Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)
26
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that condenses acyl and malonyl groups and also has at least three isozymes.
B-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (KS)
27
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that transfers the malonyl group from CoA to ACP
Malonyl-CoA-ACP Transferase (MT)
28
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that reduces B-Keto group to B-hydroxyl group
B-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (KR)
29
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that removes H2O from B-hydroxyacyl-ACP creating a double bond
B-Hydroxacyl-ACP-Dehydratase (HD)
30
_____________ is the fatty acid synthase complex protein that reduces double bond, forming a saturated acyl-ACP
Enoyl-ACP Reductase (ER)
31
The biosynthesis of fatty acids requires _____, _____, and _____.
Acetyl-CoA ATP NADPH
32
The group transfer potential of ATP is used to add _____ to acetyl-CoA to form _____.
CO2 | Malonyl-CoA
33
_____ is used to reduce the double bonds that are inserted in the growing acyl chain when malonyl-CoA condenses with acetyl-CoA
NADPH
34
_____ _____ serves as the precursor for the biosynthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids in animal cells
Palmitic Acid
35
Carbon 18, 20, and longer chain fatty acids are formed by _____ _____ _____ systems in the smooth ER and mitochondria.
Fatty Acid Elongation
36
Palmitoyl-CoA is extended by two carbons to form _____.
Stearoyl-CoA
37
Fatty acid elongation involves different _____ than those involved in palmitate synthesis, and _______ is the acyl carrier rather than ACP.
enzyme | coenzyme A
38
Other than the enzymes and acyl carrier the process of elongation in the _____ is identical to palmitate synthesis.
ER
39
The process of elongation and palmitate synthesis includes: two carbons donated by malonyl-CoA, them, reduction, dehydration, reduction to yield the _______ product.
stearyl-CoA
40
Unsaturated fatty acids are formed by the action of _____ _____ _____.
Fatty Acyl Desaturases
41
The fatty acyl desaturases are types of _____-_____ oxidases
mixed-function
42
The term _____-_____ _____ is used when the enzyme oxidizes two different substrates _____.
mixed-function oxidase | simultaneously
43
In the case of fatty acyl-CoA , the two differnt substrates are the __________ and _____/_____
fatty acid | NADH/NADPH
44
The fatty acid and NADH/NADPH substrates undergo simultaneous two-electron _____
oxidations
45
The _____ of palmitate produces stearate
elongation
46
The _____ of palmitate produces palmitoleate
desaturation
47
The _____ of stearate produces oleate
desaturation
48
The _____ of stearate produces longer saturated fatty acids
elongation
49
In plants, oleate undergoes desaturation to produce _____
linoleate
50
Phospholipids containing arachidonate produce protaglandins which act to inhibit _______ _____.
Cycloxygenase activity (COX)
51
Define the term mixed-function oxidase
when an enzyme oxidizes two different substrates simultaneously
52
_____ and _____ share the same initial synthesis pathway that forms glycerol-3-phosphate
Triacylglycerols | Phospholipids
53
_____________ may be formed by two different reactions
Glycerol-3-phosphate
54
NADH is used to reduce dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol phosphate by the action of _____ _____ _____
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

Biochem 2 (7 decks)

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