Exam 2 Part 2

Question 1

Do bryophytes have true vasculature (xylem and phloem)?

Answer 1

No (they lack tracheids)

Question 2

Do bryophytes have true roots?

Answer 2

No (they have rhizoids and mycorrhizae)

Question 3

Do bryophytes have true leaves?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Do bryophytes have stomata?

Answer 4

Yes (on capsule of sporophyte)

Question 5

What is the dominant generation in bryophytes?

Answer 5

Gametophyte

Question 6

How do bryophytes reproduce?

Answer 6

Homosporous; motile sperm (water required for fertilization)

Question 7

Do bryophytes have seeds?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Do bryophytes have flowers?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Do lycophytes have true vasculature (xylem and phloem)?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Do lycophytes have true roots?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Do lycophytes have true leaves?

Answer 11

Yes (they have lycophylls)

Question 12

Do lycophytes have stomata?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What is the dominant generation in lycophytes?

Answer 13

Sporophyte

Question 14

How do lycophytes reproduce?

Answer 14

Homosporous and heterosporous; motile sperm (water required for fertilization)

Question 15

Do lycophytes have seeds?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Do lycophytes have flowers?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Do pterophytes have true vasculature (xylem and phloem)?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Do pterophytes have true roots?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Do pterophytes have true leaves?

Answer 19

Yes (they have euphylls)

Question 20

Do pterophytes have stomata?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is the dominant generation in pterophytes?

Answer 21

Sporophyte

Question 22

How do pterophytes reproduce?

Answer 22

Primarily homosporous (a few heterosporous); motile sperm (water required for fertilization)

Question 23

Do pterophytes have seeds?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Do pterophytes have flowers?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Which stage became dominant in land plants over evolutionary time?

Answer 25

Sporophyte (diploid)

Question 26

What is the main cost of a waxy cuticle?

Answer 26

Reduced gas permeability (harder for CO2 to get in)

Question 27

What are the two stages in alternation of generations?

Answer 27

Gametophyte (haploid) and Sporophyte (diploid)

Question 28

Why are conifers and cycads called gymnosperms?

Answer 28

The female gametophyte is not completely enclosed in sporophyte tissue at pollination.

Question 29

In plants, what is the multicellular diploid stage called?

Answer 29

Sporophyte

Question 30

Which is true about the pine reproductive cycle?

Answer 30

The pollen tube can take over a year to reach the egg.

Question 31

Which structure is found in both moss and fern gametophytes?

Answer 31

Antheridia

Question 32

Ephedrine is derived from which phylum?

Answer 32

Gnetophyta

Question 33

What part of the angiosperm seed provides nutrition to the embryo?

Answer 33

Endosperm

Question 34

Which bryophytes have photosynthetic sporophytes with stomata?

Answer 34

Mosses and Hornworts

Question 35

Which characteristic shows club mosses are NOT seed plants?

Answer 35

Ground pines produce haploid spores by meiosis.

Question 36

What do angiosperm microspores develop into?

Answer 36

Pollen grains

Question 37

Double fertilization produces a ______ embryo and a ______ endosperm.

Answer 37

Diploid embryo and triploid endosperm

Question 38

Which two events happen during orange tree reproduction?

Answer 38

A sperm fuses with an egg (zygote) and a sperm fuses with polar nuclei (endosperm)

Question 39

In alternation of generations, what does the gametophyte produce?

Answer 39

Haploid gametes via mitosis

Question 40

Which floral whorl does NOT play a direct role in pollination?

Answer 40

Sepals

Question 41

Which is true of the pine reproductive cycle?

Answer 41

Each megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four megaspores, three degenerate.

Question 42

What happens when a meristem cell divides?

Answer 42

It produces one meristem cell and one differentiating cell.

Question 43

Which cell types are pluripotent?

Answer 43

Protoderm cells, ground meristem cells, shoot apical meristem cells

Question 44

Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem to the ______.

Answer 44

Interior

Question 45

Which of the following is a function of trichomes?

Answer 45

Protect against desiccation, frost, herbivory, and UV damage

Question 46

Which cell type provides living flexible support to plants?

Answer 46

Collenchyma

Question 47

What is true about mature xylem?

Answer 47

It is composed of dead, lignified cells and conducts dissolved minerals.

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true about phloem and xylem?

Answer 48

Vessels are associated with companion cells (they're not — sieve tubes are)

Question 49

What are rhizoids?

Answer 49

Root-like structures found in bryophytes (like mosses) that anchor the plant but do not absorb water or nutrients.

Question 50

What are rhizomes?

Answer 50

Horizontal underground stems found in ferns and some other plants that produce roots and shoots.

Question 51

How are rhizoids and rhizomes different?

Answer 51

Rhizoids are simple anchoring structures (bryophytes), while rhizomes are complex underground stems (ferns) that produce roots and shoots.

Question 52

Which plants have rhizoids?

Answer 52

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)

Question 53

Which plants have rhizomes?

Answer 53

Ferns and some other vascular plants

Question 54

FLOWER (1)

Answer 54

Sepal – The outer protective leaf-like structure at the base of the flower.

Question 55

FLOWER (2)

Answer 55

Receptacle – The part of the stem where the flower attaches.

Question 56

FLOWER (3)

Answer 56

Ovary – The enlarged base of the carpel where ovules (future seeds) develop.

Question 57

FLOWER (4)

Answer 57

Petal – Often colorful structure that attracts pollinators.

Question 58

FLOWER (5)

Answer 58

Petal – Same as above (a second petal on the opposite side).

Question 59

FLOWER (6)

Answer 59

Filament – The stalk that supports the anther.

Question 60

FLOWER (7)

Answer 60

Anther – The part of the stamen that produces pollen.

Question 61

FLOWER (8)

Answer 61

Stigma – The sticky top of the carpel where pollen lands.

Question 62

FLOWER (9)

Answer 62

Style – The stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary.

Question 63

FLOWER (10)

Answer 63

Petal – Another petal (reiterating the radial symmetry of many flowers).

Question 64

FLOWER (11)

Answer 64

Ovule – The structures inside the ovary that will develop into seeds after fertilization.

Question 65

FLOWER (12)

Answer 65

Sepal – Another sepal (flowers typically have multiple sepals).