Exam 2: Questions and Answers

Question 1

Pre-reformation English Lollard leader who believed that people should read the bible to interpret it for themselves

Answer 1

John Wycliffe

Question 2

Wrote “95 Thesis” and pinned them to the door in Wittenburg

Answer 2

Martin Luther

Question 3

Leader of the English Reformation who wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine

Answer 3

Henry VIII

Question 4

Religious reformer who believed in predestination

Answer 4

John Calvin

Question 5

The Roman Catholic Grand Inquisitor whose job was to combat Heresy

Answer 5

Johanne Tetzel

Question 6

German banking family that loaned money to kings

Answer 6

Fuggars

Question 7

Pope Leo X, a Medici, issued this that basically excommunicated Martin Luther.

Answer 7

Edict of Worms

Question 8

What did the Peace of Augsburg do?

Answer 8

It allowed local princes in the Holy Roman Empire to determine their religion

Question 9

Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, was has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation and was a series of meetings held over a course of years from 1545-1363 to counter act the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 9

the Council of Trent

Question 10

Was was issued by Henry of Navarre (Henry IV0 that officially ended the French Wars of Religion and allowed for Protestantism in France

Answer 10

Edict of Nantes

Question 11

Official religion of France + Spain

Answer 11

Catholicism

Question 12

Jesuit Priest who helped restore order within the Roman Catholic Church and helped lead missions

Answer 12

Ignatius of Loyola

Question 13

1572 Paris Rioting where Catholic mobs directed violence against the Huguenots.

Answer 13

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Question 14

Due to the Protestant Reformation, could women become priests, bishops, cardinals, and the Pope within the Catholic Church?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What was the series of Acts created by English Parliament to shut off common lands and open fields creating legal property rights to lands that were once open to the common public.

Answer 15

Enclosure/ Inclosure Act

Question 16

What military technology was already being used at the start of the 30 Years War?

Answer 16

Use of the Long Bow

Question 17

Under Philip II of Spain, Spain has interest in the Netherlands to make Catholicism the religion and what else?

Answer 17

to have a closer port access to more easily invade England

Question 18

Mary I, Queen of England from 1553-1558, was the daughter of Henry VII and Catherine of Aragon. What else was she?

Answer 18

Catholic, known for her aggressive attempt to reverse the English empire

Question 19

What was one thing the Calvin and other religious leaders did NOT criticize as an abuse of the Catholic Church?

Answer 19

Papal wealth

Question 20

State in which the Reformation was started and influenced by the printing press:

Answer 20

Germany

Question 21

The center of European Calvinism in the 16th century became:

Answer 21

Geneva, Switzerland

Question 22

What effect did the 30 Years War have on the German-speaking population between 1618-1650?

Answer 22

About a third of the population perished

Question 23

Years in which the 30 Years War took place?

Answer 23

1618-1648

Question 24

In the first half of the 17th century, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden played a key role in European affairs by:

Answer 24

leading a Protestant coalition against Catholic Europe

Question 25

What was Elizabeth I’s contribution to the religion controversy in England during her rule?

Answer 25

She re-established the Church of England’s independence from Rome.

Question 26

Why did France support the Protestant rebels fighting against the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 26

It wanted to weaken and fragment the Holy Roman Empire

Question 27

Spanish King, married to Queen Mary I (Tudor), who takes over to Charles V and supports the Catholic League which advocates for a Catholic France

Answer 27

Philip II

Question 28

Created during the Counter-Reformation by the Catholic Church, an influential order of women, who had convents in Italy + France, brought education to women.

Answer 28

Ursulines

Question 29

Document/agreement that offically ended the 30 Years War.

Answer 29

Treaty of Westphalia

Question 30

What are some of the TWO figures of which the Council of Trent was reacting:

Answer 30

The Council of Trent could have been referring to Protestant religious groups such as the Lutherans and the Anabapists. Both of those groups have gone against the teachings of the Catholic Church, with the Lutherans taking from Martin Luther’s theses and the Anabaptists performing adult baptisms. The Council of Trent views these as disgraceful acts as they want to preserve Catholicism in Europe.

Question 31

Explain ONE response of the Catholic Church to the challenge of the Reformation:

Answer 31

They issued the Edict of Worms, where they decided that Martin Luther, the creator of Lutherism + the 95 Theses, was an outlaw and that anyone who helped him would be punished.