Exam I: Questions and Answers

Question 1

German who created moveable type

Answer 1

Gutenberg (Remember This)

Question 2

Italian, who wrote on how to gain and hold power. Wrote “The Prince”

Answer 2

Machiavelli (Know Him!)

Question 3

Large body of water that seperates Africa from Europe and acted as a major trade route that brought goods and culture throughout southern Europe and helped expand wealth in Italy.

Answer 3

Mediterranean

Question 4

Type of art procedure used in medieval Europe and the Renaissance where painting is done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall of ceiling so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.

Answer 4

Fresco (could be a question on Ap Exam)

Question 5

Italian banking family from Florence who gained wealth and power by giving loans. Also, great patrons of the arts.

Answer 5

Medici

Question 6

Queen of Castile and King of Aragon who married to combine power. Also commissioned the Italian, Christopher Colombus, to sail and explore for the empire.

Answer 6

Isabella/Ferdinard (know them bc of their influence on Catholicism stuff)

Question 7

Florence, Milan, Venice, Naples, and the Papal areas in Italy during the Renaissance were known as:

Answer 7

City-States

Question 8

Female Italian author, educated in France, best remembered for defending women in “The Book of the City of Ladies”

Answer 8

Christine de Pizan (Known as the First Feminist)

Question 9

A peace agreement between Milan, Naples, and Florence signed on 9 April 1454. It was created to keep peace within the Italian states and to create an alliance for protection and aid.

Answer 9

Treaty of Lodi

Question 10

With the development of more sovereign states, the need to tax greatly increased. What were the two greatest influences that drove taxation?

Answer 10

Growth of Bureaucracies + the need for mercenary armies

Question 11

The importation of African slaves to the Americas dramatically increased as a result of the growing need for labor to harvest.

Answer 11

sugarcane

Question 12

Used much throughout Renaussance art where the focus of the painting draws the eye to one specific area. Notably seen in Raphael’s piece “The School of Athens”

Answer 12

Single point perspective

Question 13

The Medici family was best known for:

Answer 13

being the most famous Florentine banking family, and patrons of the arts and architecture.

Question 14

Where is Erasmus from?

Answer 14

He was Dutch, from the Netherlands

Question 15

Where are the Medici’s from?

Answer 15

Florence, Italy

Question 16

Where was Machiavelli from?

Answer 16

Florence, Italy

Question 17

Where was Petrarch from?

Answer 17

Florence, Italy

Question 18

A Roman Catholic who opposed Henry VIII’s Anglican church and was beheaded for doing so

Answer 18

Thomas More (good piece of outside evidence for Reform essays, despite him not being a main person to know)

Question 19

Dutch philosopher who was considered the greatest scholar of the Northern Renaissance, but was still a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

Answer 19

Desiderius Erasmus

Question 20

First European group to sail around the Africa’s Cape of Good Hope and reach India, where the spice trade became very valuable to Europe.

Answer 20

Portuguese

Question 21

What is the name of the style of Late Renaissance art showed distorted figures and confusing themes that reflected the sign of the times and a sense of the political and religious problems of the time.

Answer 21

Mannerism

Question 22

Form of Renaissance art that used light and dark to create 3D images. Specifically seen in Da Vanci’s “Mona Lisa.”

Answer 22

Chiaroscuro

Question 23

Dutch Philosopher and Catholic priest who believed in the value of education and that if you learned to read, you could learn for yourself and make decisions for yourself.

Answer 23

Erasmus

Question 24

Italian Scholar and Poet who was considered the “Father of Humanism” who rediscovered Cicero’s letters

Answer 24

Petrarch

Question 25

Italian who wrote "The Book of the Courtier" which was a courtesy book and a book about manners. Book health with manners and etiquette.

Answer 25

Castiglione

Question 26

Italian who proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forged document. This person was a language expert and figured that the term "fief" was a word that was coined after the date of the forged document

Answer 26

Valla

Question 27

Italian scholar who was considered the first historian who looked at history in periods

Answer 27

Bruni

Question 28

Italian who wrote "The Oratio on the Digitiny of Man" that centered the attention of human capacity and human perspective and argued that man was created by God.

Answer 28

Erasmus

Question 29

Lived through the Black Plague and penned "Decameron", a novella of 100 tales about 7 women and 3 men who were sheltered in a villa outside of Florence to escape the Bubonic Plague.

Answer 29

Boccaccio

Question 30

A friend of Eramus, and an Englishman who wrote "Utopia", a writing that was critical of many aspects of society and wanted to depict a world where economic and political inequities and justices were limited.

Answer 30

Thomas More

Question 31

15th century intellectual movement embraced my scholars, writers, and civic leaders with the ideal that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives

Answer 31

Humanism

Question 32

Fall of the eastern European city in 1453 to the Ottomans led many scholars to leave for Italy, influencing the growth of the early Renaissance.

Answer 32

Constantinople

Question 33

Explain one positive impact Spanish exploration had on Europe

Answer 33

-Resources: gold and silver were brought back, along with various items traded with the Native people. -The Columbian Exchange: many types of foods were brought back to Europe for consumption. This impacted Europe's economy, trade, and diets

Question 34

Explain one negative impact Spanish exploration had on the New World

Answer 34

Disease (namely Smallpox): Native people didnt have the exposure to it that Europeans had, so the disease killing numerous amounts of Natives, changing the way the New World was run.

Question 35

Explain one similarity between the Italian and Northern Renaissances.

Answer 35

It changed people's ways of thinking! Humanism became more prevalent. More people thought about religion for themselves instead of blindly following the church. More people became educated. This change in thought has an impact on society.

Question 36

Explain one difference between the Italian and Northern Renaissances.

Answer 36

Wealth: Italian Ren was wealthy, lots of material being sponsored by the Medici fam/Catholic Church. Artwork of the time depicts it well, w/ vibrant colors and a primary religious focus. The Northern Ren was inspired but cheaper than the Italian Ren, conveyed in the art having duller colors and conveyed the reality of how life was and not the idealized version of the Italian Ren.