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gross anatomy > exam #2 - respiratory system anatomy > Flashcards

exam #2 - respiratory system anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal components of respiratory system (4)

A

vertebral (spinal) column
rib cage
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle

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2
Q

parts of the torso (3)

A

vertebral column
rib cage
pelvis

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3
Q

what does torso mean

A

to twist

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4
Q

how many total vertebrae

A

32-33

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5
Q

sections of the vertebral column

A

cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (5)
coccygeal (3-4)

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6
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7

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7
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12

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8
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5

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9
Q

how many sacral vertebrae

A

S1-S5

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10
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrea

A

3-4

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11
Q

C1 - name and function

A

the atlas - supports the skull

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12
Q

C2 - name and function

A

axis - forms pivot around which C1 and the skull can rotate

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13
Q

C7 - name

A

conspicuous spinous process

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14
Q

thoracic vertebrae function

A

have articular facet on transverse processes for attachment to ribs

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15
Q

lumbar vertebrae function

A

larger, weight-bearing role

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16
Q

sacral vertebrae fuse together to form…

A

sacrum

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17
Q

coccygeal vertebrae fuse together to form…

A

coccyx

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18
Q

parts of the sternum (superior to inferior)

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

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19
Q

how many rib pairs

A

12

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20
Q

ribs 1-7 connect…

A

directly to sternum via costal cartilage

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21
Q

ribs 8-11 connect…

A

to costal cartilage of superior ribs

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22
Q

ribs 11-12 attatchments

A

no anterior attachments

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23
Q

pelvic girdle parts (3)

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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24
Q

parts of pectoral girdle (2)

A

clavicle
scapula

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25
Q

major muscles of inhalation (2)

A

diaphragm
external intercostals

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26
Q

major muscles of exhalation (4)

A

rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
transverse abdominus

27
Q

diaphragm divides…

A

thorax and abdomen

28
Q

muscular region of diaphragm is divided into three portions…

A

costal, vertebral, sternal
CVS

29
Q

diaphragm is

A

dome shaped structure of muscle and tendon

30
Q

diaphragm openings (3)

A

aortic hiatus
esophageal hiatus
foramen vena cava

31
Q

the aortic hiatus is the passage of

A

descending aorta

32
Q

esophageal hiatus is the opening for the

A

esophagus

33
Q

foramen vena cava is the passage of

A

inferior vena cava

34
Q

diaphragm action

A

increases vertical dimension of thorax
this increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressure

35
Q

external intercostals action

A

lift rib cage upward and
outward by “fixing” upper rib and
raising lower rib of pair

36
Q

levatores costarum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?

A

inhalation
elevates ribs

37
Q

serratus posterior superior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description

A

inhalation
elevates ribs 2-5
back of neck

38
Q

pectoralis major
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- looks like?

A

inhalation
when shoulder is fixed, move sternum and ribs superiorly and laterally
also rotate arm across thorax
large fan shaped muscle on chest

39
Q

pectoralis minor
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

inhalation
lift ribs 3-5
large thin muscle deep to pectoralis major on chest

40
Q

subclavius
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

inhalation
lift 1 rib, draw shoulder anteriorly
small narrow muscle under clavicle

41
Q

serratus anterior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

inhalation
lift ribs 1-8, fixate and protect scapula
large thin muscle on side wall of thorax
down side

42
Q

sternocleidomastoid
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

inhalation
elevate sternum
flex skull toward torso
large muscle on side of neck

43
Q

scalenes
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

inhalation
raise ribs 1-2
group of three muscles (anterior, medial, posterior) deep in neck

44
Q

accessory muscles of inhalation (8)
L, S, P, P, S, S, S, S

A

Levatores Costarum
Serratus Posterior Superior
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenes

45
Q

abdominal aponeurosis covers

A

rectus abdominus

46
Q

rectus abdominus

A

long ribbon‐like muscle on ventral
aspect of abdominal cavity
almost entirely enclosed by
aponeurosis

47
Q

external oblique

A

largest, strongest, and most superficial
broad, flat muscle on lateral and
anterior portions of lower thorax and
abdomen

48
Q

internal oblique

A

middle layer of abdominal musculature
lies just deep to external obliques
large, flat muscle on lateral and ventral
aspect of abdomen

49
Q

transverse abdominus

A

deepest abdominal muscle
lies just deep to internal obliques

50
Q

abdominal muscle action (3)

A

Flexor of vertebral column
Enclose and support abdominal contents
Respiration
- Displace abdominal contents and increase abdominal pressure
- Draw ribs inferiorly

51
Q

most efficient rib depressors

A

obliques

52
Q

most efficient compressor

A

transverse abdominus

53
Q

exhalation accessory muscles (5) S, I, T, S, Q

A

Subcostals
Internal Intercostals
Transverse Thoracis
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Quadratus Lumborum

54
Q

subcostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on posterior aspect of inner wall of lower thoracic cage

55
Q

internal intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
lie just deep to external intercostals

56
Q

innermost
intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
deepest layer of internal intercostals

57
Q

transverse thoracis
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on inner surface of anterior thoracic wall

57
Q

serratus posterior inferior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

presumed to pull down on lower ribs
on lower posterior portion of the thorax

58
Q

quadratus lumborum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?

A

exhalation
decompress rib 12
on lower back/side above iliac crest

59
Q

movements of ribs in breathing: vertical

A

diaphragm contractions

60
Q

movements of ribs in breathing: transverse

A

elevation of curved ribs

61
Q

movements of ribs in breathing: anteroposterior

A

anterior and superior movement of sternum

62
Q

on inhalation, the thoracic cavity expands in how many directions

A

3 vertical, transverse, anteroposterior

gross anatomy (9 decks)

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