exam #2 - respiratory system anatomy Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
skeletal components of respiratory system (4)
A
vertebral (spinal) column
rib cage
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle
2
Q
parts of the torso (3)
A
vertebral column
rib cage
pelvis
3
Q
what does torso mean
A
to twist
4
Q
how many total vertebrae
A
32-33
5
Q
sections of the vertebral column
A
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (5)
coccygeal (3-4)
6
Q
how many cervical vertebrae
A
C1-C7
7
Q
how many thoracic vertebrae
A
T1-T12
8
Q
how many lumbar vertebrae
A
L1-L5
9
Q
how many sacral vertebrae
A
S1-S5
10
Q
how many coccygeal vertebrea
A
3-4
11
Q
C1 - name and function
A
the atlas - supports the skull
12
Q
C2 - name and function
A
axis - forms pivot around which C1 and the skull can rotate
13
Q
C7 - name
A
conspicuous spinous process
14
Q
thoracic vertebrae function
A
have articular facet on transverse processes for attachment to ribs
15
Q
lumbar vertebrae function
A
larger, weight-bearing role
16
Q
sacral vertebrae fuse together to form…
A
sacrum
17
Q
coccygeal vertebrae fuse together to form…
A
coccyx
18
Q
parts of the sternum (superior to inferior)
A
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
19
Q
how many rib pairs
A
12
20
Q
ribs 1-7 connect…
A
directly to sternum via costal cartilage
21
Q
ribs 8-11 connect…
A
to costal cartilage of superior ribs
22
Q
ribs 11-12 attatchments
A
no anterior attachments
23
Q
pelvic girdle parts (3)
A
ilium
ischium
pubis
24
Q
parts of pectoral girdle (2)
A
clavicle
scapula
25
major muscles of inhalation (2)
diaphragm
external intercostals
26
major muscles of exhalation (4)
rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
transverse abdominus
27
diaphragm divides...
thorax and abdomen
28
muscular region of diaphragm is divided into three portions...
costal, vertebral, sternal
CVS
29
diaphragm is
dome shaped structure of muscle and tendon
30
diaphragm openings (3)
aortic hiatus
esophageal hiatus
foramen vena cava
31
the aortic hiatus is the passage of
descending aorta
32
esophageal hiatus is the opening for the
esophagus
33
foramen vena cava is the passage of
inferior vena cava
34
diaphragm action
increases vertical dimension of thorax
this increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressure
35
external intercostals action
lift rib cage upward and
outward by “fixing” upper rib and
raising lower rib of pair
36
levatores costarum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
inhalation
elevates ribs
37
serratus posterior superior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description
inhalation
elevates ribs 2-5
back of neck
38
pectoralis major
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- looks like?
inhalation
when shoulder is fixed, move sternum and ribs superiorly and laterally
also rotate arm across thorax
large fan shaped muscle on chest
39
pectoralis minor
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift ribs 3-5
large thin muscle deep to pectoralis major on chest
40
subclavius
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift 1 rib, draw shoulder anteriorly
small narrow muscle under clavicle
41
serratus anterior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
lift ribs 1-8, fixate and protect scapula
large thin muscle on side wall of thorax
down side
42
sternocleidomastoid
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
elevate sternum
flex skull toward torso
large muscle on side of neck
43
scalenes
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
inhalation
raise ribs 1-2
group of three muscles (anterior, medial, posterior) deep in neck
44
accessory muscles of inhalation (8)
L, S, P, P, S, S, S, S
Levatores Costarum
Serratus Posterior Superior
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenes
45
abdominal aponeurosis covers
rectus abdominus
46
rectus abdominus
long ribbon‐like muscle on ventral
aspect of abdominal cavity
almost entirely enclosed by
aponeurosis
47
external oblique
largest, strongest, and most superficial
broad, flat muscle on lateral and
anterior portions of lower thorax and
abdomen
48
internal oblique
middle layer of abdominal musculature
lies just deep to external obliques
large, flat muscle on lateral and ventral
aspect of abdomen
49
transverse abdominus
deepest abdominal muscle
lies just deep to internal obliques
50
abdominal muscle action (3)
Flexor of vertebral column
Enclose and support abdominal contents
Respiration
- Displace abdominal contents and increase abdominal pressure
- Draw ribs inferiorly
51
most efficient rib depressors
obliques
52
most efficient compressor
transverse abdominus
53
exhalation accessory muscles (5) S, I, T, S, Q
Subcostals
Internal Intercostals
Transverse Thoracis
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Quadratus Lumborum
54
subcostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on posterior aspect of inner wall of lower thoracic cage
55
internal intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
lie just deep to external intercostals
56
innermost
intercostals
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
depress ribs
not as prominent and strong as external
intercostals
deepest layer of internal intercostals
57
transverse thoracis
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
presumed to depress ribs
on inner surface of anterior thoracic wall
57
serratus posterior inferior
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
presumed to pull down on lower ribs
on lower posterior portion of the thorax
58
quadratus lumborum
- inhalation or exhalation?
- action?
- description?
exhalation
decompress rib 12
on lower back/side above iliac crest
59
movements of ribs in breathing: vertical
diaphragm contractions
60
movements of ribs in breathing: transverse
elevation of curved ribs
61
movements of ribs in breathing: anteroposterior
anterior and superior movement of sternum
62
on inhalation, the thoracic cavity expands in how many directions
3 vertical, transverse, anteroposterior
