physiology of respiration

Question 1

boyles law

Answer 1

pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume,
with temperature constant

Question 2

newtons law

Answer 2

an unbalanced force acting on any body (solid,liquid,gas)
will cause an acceleration ……
air will flow from region of high to low pressure

Question 3

respiration pressures at rest

Answer 3

alveolar pressure = atmospheric pressure

Question 4

respiration pressures of inhalation

Answer 4

lung volume increase
alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

Question 5

respiration pressures of exhalation

Answer 5

lung volume decreases
alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

Question 6

lung-thorax unit is in ___________ at rest

Answer 6

equilibrium

Question 7

REL

Answer 7

37%

Question 8

any movement away from REF requires _________ ___________

Answer 8

muscle effort

Question 9

increased lung volume = _________ lung pressure

Answer 9

decrease

Question 10

during exhalation, lung volume ______

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

one moved away from REL, there are 2 possible forces

Answer 11

active - applied muscle force
passive - recoil force of lung-thorax unit

Question 12

2 parts of recoil forces

Answer 12

gravity - will result in position of energy being converted to kinetic energy
elasticity - lungs are elastic

Question 13

once lung‐thorax unit is moved to a
higher lung volume (>37% VC),
recoil forces generated that will
produce (+ or -??) alveolar pressures if
recoil takes place, resulting in ______

Answer 13

+
exhalation

Question 14

if lung‐thorax unit is moved to a
lower lung volume (<37% VC), recoil
forces generated that will produce
(+/-???) alveolar pressures if recoil takes
place, resulting in ___________

Answer 14

-
inhalation

Question 15

rest tidal breathing

Answer 15

inspiratory muscle contraction
moves lung volume from REL
37% VC to ~ ___% VC

Question 16

need compressed air during speech to (2)

Answer 16

1. drive vocal fold vibration
2. create sounds in oral cavity

Question 17

Preq = P____+ P______

Answer 17

Preq = Prec+ Pmusc

Question 18

for loud utterance, (more or less) inspiratory muscle
effort required, and through shorter VC range
but, (more or less) expiratory muscle effort required
through greater VC range

Answer 18

less
more

Question 19

for soft utterance (more/less) inspiratory muscle effort required at higher
lung volumes, and through greater VC range
(more/less) expiratory, muscle effort required at lower
lung volumes, and through smaller VC range
relative to normal loudness utterance

Answer 19

more
less

Question 20

if lung compliance increases….
- elastic recoil is ________
- ________ ________ is necessary to produce adequate pressure for speech

Answer 20

decreased
forced exhalation

Question 21

if lung compliance decreases…
- elastic recoil is _____
- vital capacity is _________
- frequent breath __________ occur during speech

Answer 21

• increased
• reduced
• pauses

Question 22

connected speech

Answer 22

• everything is changing
  -no steady state pressure, air flow rates, resistances

Question 23

what is the tidal volume for rest breathing

Answer 23

~0.5 L

Question 24

speech is produced in middle of possible lung volumes
(give percentage)

Answer 24

37%-60% VC

Question 25

connected speech VC is always (above/below) REL

Answer 25

above

Question 26

quiet breathing (2)

Answer 26

12 or more times per minute
expiration slightly longer than inspirations

Question 27

speech breathing (3)

Answer 27

frequency of breathing decreases
inspirations more abrupt
expirations lengthened

Question 28

connected speech recoil forces are between ____ and ____ cm H2O

Answer 28

0-10

Question 29

average recoil force required during speech

Answer 29

7 cm H2O