Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

gross anatomy > exam #4 > Flashcards

exam #4 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

vocal tract

A

tube like series of cavities beginning at vocal
folds and ending at lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

articulators

A

movable structures which directly form portion of vocal tract wall, or are directly attached to wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

articulators (6)

A

lips
mandible
tongue
soft palate
hard palate
teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lips bottom line

A

small mass relative to forces available
highly elastic
fast twitch muscle
bottom line ‐‐‐‐‐ lips set up to move very quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lips magnitude of movement _______ related

A

inversely related

greater movement of one associated with less movement of other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mandible movements (5)

A

raise, lower, retrude, protract, lateralize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mandible ROM

A

range of movement for
speech much less than
total range
also, more restricted than
range for chewing
jaw never completely
closed during speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is the mandible a primary articulator?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the mandible affect

A

influences UL and LL movement
tongue rides on jaw
distance tongue has to travel to make dental, alveolar, palatal
contacts depends on jaw position
influences overall size of oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

considered most important supraglottal articulator

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tongue mass and viscosity

A

mass negligible in relation to muscle forces available
 viscosity negligible in relation to muscle forces available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

muscular hydrostat

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

velopharyngeal mechanism

A

valve that couples and
decouples oral and nasal
cavities

sagittal velar elevation
movements occur superiorly
and posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clearly prominent muscle
associated with velar
elevation

A

levator veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

purpose of articulator movement

A

to control airflow simultaneously with changing vocal tract
shape so that a sound stream is created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

airflow control is an

A

aerodynamic phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

shape control is an

A

acoustic phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

control of VP/nasal function (4)

A

VP‐Nasal Airway Resistance
VP‐Nasal Acoustic Impedance
VP Closure Forces
VP Function During Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VP-nasal airway resistance

A

opposition to airflow out
VP port, nasal cavities, outer
nose
 resistance affected by status of VP mechanism and by nasal airway status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

VP-nasal acoustic impendence

A

VP port can be adjusted to
influence degree of coupling
between oral and nasal
cavities

when closed, nearly all
sound energy passes orally

when VP port open, oral and
nasal cavities free to
exchange sound energy
and interact acoustically

if oral tract closed (i.e. /m/),
sound energy passes nasally, with oral cavity as acoustic side branch

if oral tract open, sound
energy divided between
oral and nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

VP closure forces

A

soft palate must contact posterior pharyngeal wall with sufficient tightness to functionally separate oral and nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

VP functions during speech (3)

A

movement patterns
height variation
gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

VP height variation

A

velar elevation greater for high vowels than for low vowels
 low vowels sometimes associated with VP opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pharyngeal -oral lumen size/configuration

A

result of adjustments in
position of structures lining
the airway
 result in changes in length,
diameter, cross‐sectional
area along tube, cross‐
sectional configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
oral contact forces
similar to VP closure forces degree of constriction in oral cavity dependent on sound being produced (e.g. /l/ versus /t/ oral pressure requirements and effects of gravity important considerations
26
pharyngeal-oral airway resistance
opposition to airflow through tract greatly affected by changes in tract cross sectional area most prominently affected by changes in oropharynx, oral cavity, oral vestibule
27
pharyngeal oral acoustic impedance
opposition to movement of energy (sound waves) through vocal tract also affected by changes in cross sectional area of tract
28
pharyngeal-oral function
coupling between oral cavity and atmosphere - chewing - swallowing - generation and filtering of speech sounds - transient and continuous noise sources - acoustic filtering (resonation) - coarticulation
29
cavities of the vocal tract (4)
buccal oral nasal pharyngeal
30
buccal cavity
highly variable space between lips and cheek externally & alveolar processes & teeth internally
31
oral cavity
bounded anteriorly & laterally by alveolar processes & teeth  superiorly by hard and soft palate  inferiorly by muscular floor of mouth  posteriorly by anterior faucial pillars
32
nasal cavity
divided sagitally by nasal septum  bounded anteriorly by nares  inferiorly by hard and soft palate  posteriorly by nasopharyngeal wall
33
pharyngeal cavity
from base of skull to bottom of cricoid  divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
34
VP mechanism parts (3)
hard palate palatal vault soft palate
35
hard palate
formed by palatine processes of maxilla and palatine bones
36
palatal vault
rounded roof of the mouth
37
soft palate
also called velum muscular valve that modified communication between oral and nasal cavities
38
VP muscles (5)
levator veli palatini tensor veli palatini musculus uvulae palatoglossus palatopharyngeus
39
levator veli palatini
forms bulk of soft palate pulls soft palate superiorly and posteriorly to posterior pharyngeal wall
40
tensor veli palatini
tense and lower palatal aponeurosis opens eustachian tube
41
musculus uvulae
draw uvula superiorly and anteriorly tenses palate to enhance effectiveness of levator action
42
palatoglossus
anterior faucial pillar may pull down on velum if tongue is fixed
43
palatopharyngeus
posterior faucial pillar guide material through pharynx
44
muscles of mastication
depressors digastric mylohyoid geniohyoid lateral pterygoid elevators massater medial pterygoid temporalis
45
digastric
with hyoid fixed, assist in depressing mandible
46
mylohyoid
thin sheet of muscles forming floor of mouth could assist in lowering
47
geniohyoid
paired cylindrical muscle located superior to mylohyoid with hyoid fixed, lowers jaw
48
lateral pterygoid
aka external pterygoid protrude mandible needed for grinding motion
49
masseter
thick flat muscle coverinf lateral aspect of mandibular ramus elevates jaw
50
medial pterygoid
aka internal pterygoid with masseter, forms mandibular sling
51
what makes the mandibular sling
medial pterygoid and masseter mandibular sling attaches mandible to skull
52
temporalis
thin broad msucle on side of skull elevates and retracts the mandible
53
muscles of facial expression
transverse buccinator risorius angular zygomatic major zygomatic minor levator labii superior depressor labii inferior vertical levator anguli oris depressor anguli oris mentalis
54
muscles of facial expression - transverse
course horizontally from origin and insert into orbicularis oris
55
muscles of facial expression - vertical
approach corners of mouth obliquely from above or below
56
muscles of facial expression - angular
enter corners of mouth from directly above or below
57
principle muscle of facial expression
orbicularis oris
58
orbicularis oris
principle lips muscle sphincter muscle that goes all the way around the lips closes and puckers lips
59
buccinator
transverse principle muscle of cheek deepest muscle of face compress lips and cheeks against teeth draw corners of mouth laterally
60
risorius
transverse highly variable draw corners of mouth laterally
61
zygomatic major
angular draw mouth corner superiorly and laterally (wide smile)
62
zygomatic minor
angular elevate upper lip
63
levator labii superior
angular above upper lip elevate upper lip
64
depressor labii inferior
angular beneath lower lip lower lip inferiorly
65
levator anguli oris
vertical above upper lip draw corner of mouth superiorly
66
depressor anguli oris
vertical above depressor labii inferior depress lip angle
67
mentalis
vertical below lower lip wrinkles chin evert lower lip (pout)
68
tongue parts
tip - closest to teeth blade - below upper alveolar ridge front - below hard palate back - below soft palate
69
tongue muscles (8)
Extrinsic anchor tongue, add to its bulk, aid in movement ▪ Genioglossus ▪ Styloglossus ▪ Hyoglossus ▪ Palatoglossus Intrinsic alter tongue shape, aid in movement and positioning ▪ Superior Longitudinal ▪ Inferior Longitudinal ▪ Transverse ▪ Vertical
70
genioglossus
extrinsic bulk of tongue tissue strongest and largest tongue muscle protrude tip
71
styloglossus
extrinsic draw tongue posteriorly antagonist to genioglossus
72
hyoglossus
extrinsic retract and depress tongue
73
palatoglossus
extrinsic pull up on tongue if velum is anchored
74
superior longitudinal
intrinsic just below mucous membrane of dorsum shortens tongue, turns tongue tip up
75
inferior longitudinal
intrinsic lateral to genioglossus shorten tongue, pull tongue tip down
76
transverse
intrinsic narrow and elongate tongue
77
vertical
intrinsic flatten tongue
78
how many bones in the skull
22
79
mandible
most dynamic bone begins as two half and fuses together
80
maxilla
paired bone that forms upper jaw makes the... roof of mouth, floor of orbit, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity
81
palatine bones
small tiny bones below eye
82
nasal bones
two small ones make bridge of nose
83
lacrimal bones
smallest of facial bones inner corner of eye
84
zygomatic bones
cheek bone zygomatic process of maxilla, temporal bone and zygomatic bones make the zygomatic arch
85
what makes the zygomatic arch
zygomatic process of maxilla, temporal bone and zygomatic bones
86
ethmoid
nose area although regarded as cranial bone, contributes to facial skeleton
87
inferior nasal concha
makes up inferior aspect of lateral wall of nasal cavity
88
vomer
inferior half of bony nasal septum articulates inferiorly with palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones anterior border articulates with cartilagenous septum of nose
89
cranial bones (5)
sphenoid temporal bones (3) occipital bones parietal bone frontal bone
90
frontal bone
forms anterior part of brain case  vertical plate contributes to forehead  horizontal plate contributes to roof of orbit and nasal cavities
91
parietal bones
form most of rounded roof of cranium  articulate with frontal bone at coronal suture  joined together in midline at sagittal suture
92
occipital bone
inferior and posterior portion of cranium  includes foramen magnum  occipital condyles, lateral to foramen magnum, articulate with superior facets of C1
93
temporal bones
paired bones forming most of lateral base and sides of brain case  each bone has 3 portions  squamous portion  petrous portion  tympanic portion
94
sphenoid bone
located at base of skull, behind ethmoid, and in front of foramen magnum
95
cranial sutures (4)
coronal suture sagittal suture squamosal suture lambdoid suture
96
temporomandibular joint
only skeletal joint in articulatory system
97
dysarthria
neurological damage leading to muscle weakness  can affect multiple processes  Respiration  inadequate breath support  poor coordination between phonatory & respiratory muscles  Phonation  hypo/hyper vocal fold function  voiced/voiceless distinction  prosody  Articulation  imprecise placement  slowed, slurred, distorted speech  Resonance  oral/nasal resonance balance
98
cleft palate
failure of union of palatal shelves, muscles  Respiration  increased respiratory effort in attempt to close VP port  Phonation  increased breathiness to mask abnormal aerodynamics & acoustics  Articulation  reduced ability to impound oral pressure resulting in changes to articulatory kinematics (e.g., backing)  Resonance  adversely affects oral/nasal resonance balance and aerodynamics
99
emphysema
 destruction of alveoli, reduced lung elasticity  Respiration  reduced Psub …. reduced intensity  increased respiratory effort  shorter breath groups  Phonation  LES dysfunction leading to reflux… may result in laryngeal issues  upper respiratory tract infections … may result in laryngeal issues
100
CA joint arthrytis
associated with rheumatoid arthritis  Respiration  adductory fixation causing inspiratory stridor  shortness of breath  Phonation  vocal fold immobility  hoarseness, breathiness, aphonia  Articulation  associated TMJ involvement may limit jaw motion

gross anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions