Exam 2 - Sterile preparations (IV devices) Flashcards
(24 cards)
List the vascular access devices in parenteral therapy
peripheral access (further away from heart)
ex. vein on hand
central access (catheters)
ex. catheters used during surgery
Describe when peripheral vein access is used
short-term/small volume
List the needles that can be used for peripheral vein access
butterfly needle
OTC needle
Describe butterfly needles
needle in skin → butterfly plastic secures the skin (to prevent movement of needle)
used when taking blood
Describe OTC needles
two parts:
outer part - plastic cannula/catheter
inner part - needle
Explain the difference between butterfly needles & OTC needles
the over-the-counter needle doesn’t leave the sharp needle inside which protects your blood vessels (you can take off the sharp needle and leave the plastic inside)
Explain the cases in which central vein access is used
- infusion of large volume of fluid
- multiple infusions
- long-term infusion therapy
- infusion or irritating medications (ex. potassium)
- infusion of fluids of high osmolarity/hypertonic solutions
- parenteral nutrition (PN)
List the types of drip chambers of IV administration sets
macrodrip (default)
microdrip
Describe macrodrip drip chambers
- delivers large quantities
- faster rates
- 10, 15, or 20 gtt/mL (takes 10-20 drops to make a mL)
- standard
Describe microdrip drip chambers
- delivers smaller quantities
- 60 gtts/mL (takes 60 drops to make a mL)
used in pediatrics or patients who need small or closely regulated amounts of IV solution
Explain “drop number”
approximate volume
actual number of drops/mL depends on viscosity, surface tension, and/or density of solution
List the types of central vein catheters (CVC)
hickman catheter
broviac catheter
involves surgical procedure
Describe PICC
“peripherally inserted central catheter”
the solution goes to the vein (close to the heart)
Describe “VAP”
“vascular access port”
at the end of the catheter, it looks like a flat battery device that goes directly under the skin (implanted under the skin)
List the types of instrumented flow control
controllers
infusion pumps
syringe pumps
pt-controlled pumps (PCA)
ambulatory pumps
implantable pumps
Describe controllers as flow control instruments
using gravity as driving force
Describe infusion pumps as flow control instruments
powered devices
pumps provide pressures of 2-12 psi (100-600 mmHg)
What type of infusion uses infusion pumps at the high end of their pressure range?
intra-arterial infusions
Explain a potential issue that can be caused by the use of excessive infusion pressures
the use of excessive infusion pressures can be a hazard depending on the site of injection it can actually provide a counter pressure to overcome the arterial pressure
List examples of when safety alarms could be triggered on infusion pumps
- occlusion of line
- infusion complete
- air in line
- empty container
- flow rate error
Describe syringe pumps as flow control instruments
- use commercial syringes
- especially useful for giving intermittent IV medication
- provide the best control for small volume infusions
- useful for pediatric patients
Describe “pt-controlled pumps (PCA)”
- A type of parenteral pump
- For patients to get IV analgesia when needed
- Pain relief to generally obtained at a lower total dose of drug
Describe “ambulatory pumps”
a small battery powered pump that slowly delivers medicine into the body
Describe “implantable pumps”
- usually with reservoirs of ~50mL
- used for IV, intraspinal, and intra-arterial routes
- can deliver as low as 1ul/hr
