exam 2 study guide

Question 1

also referred to as process evaluation- this occurs during the implementation process

Answer 1

formative evaluation

Question 2

also referred to as outcome evaluation and occurs after the intervention

Answer 2

summative evaluation

Question 3

what is the best time to do a program evaluation?

Answer 3

during the development phase and prior to any implementation

Question 4

the intervention in disease before it occurs

Answer 4

primary prevention

Question 5

what does primary preventive interventions include?

Answer 5

community water fluoridation, fluoride varnish, pit and fissure sealants and preventive education

Question 6

the treatment or control of disease early in the process

Answer 6

secondary prevention

Question 7

what are examples of secondary prevention?

Answer 7

conservative amalgam restoration, remineralization of early caries, and conservative periodontal therapy

Question 8

limiting the disability from a disease, or rehabilitation of an individual

Answer 8

tertirary prevention

Question 9

examples of a teritary prevention

Answer 9

dentures or other prosthetic dental devices and perio surgery

Question 10

this level effects the individual

Answer 10

micro level

Question 11

Why is fluoridation considered a model for oral health promotion?

Answer 11

it is safe, effective and socially equitable

Question 12

Most disparities in oral health fall along the lines of?

Answer 12

age
race/ethnicity
gender
socioeconomic position

Question 13

the primary goal of any oral health program should be…

Answer 13

empower people to attain equity in health

Question 14

what three options to community water fluoridation that provides systemic fluoride?

Answer 14

fluoride varnish, salt fluoridation and fluoride tablets

Question 15

who benefits from community water fluoridation?

Answer 15

all children younger than 18

Question 16

social factors operating on a micro level include…

Answer 16

age

Question 17

what are four preventable oral diseases?

Answer 17

dental caries
disease of supporting structures
oral pharyngeal cancers
craniofacial injuries

Question 18

the main goal of any health program?

Answer 18

to empower people to attain equity in health and reduce incidence and prevalence of oral disease through education and interventions

Question 19

why is an educational program not as effective as a health program promotion?

Answer 19

because educators should be calibrated

Question 20

why is it important for oral health professionals to understand risk factors for disease, health behaviors, determinants, and disparities in oral health?

Answer 20

so they can indenting a target audience and design a program specifically for that audience

Question 21

what are health determinants and risk factors that impact health?

Answer 21

genetic constitution
individual and group behavior
social and physical environment
policy and interventions

Question 22

who combined a large body of research related to human motivation in his conceptualization of a hierarchical arrangement of needs as motivating factors?

Answer 22

abraham H maslow

Question 23

according to maslow, a well organizers environment, economic self sufficiency, familiar surroundings, tasks and activities are

Answer 23

security and safety needs

Question 24

also known as the decision making continuum and is based on the concept that people learn in a linear serious of sequential steps

Answer 24

learning ladder

Question 25

what is the sequence of learning ladder steps from lowe’s to highest?

Answer 25

``` unawareness awareness interest involvement action habitat ```

Question 26

the way one processes inormation, feels and behaves in learning situations or how the person learns

Answer 26

learning style

Question 27

what are the reasons for conducting a needs assessment

Answer 27

identifying the extent and severity of a need assessing the cause of a problem determining the resources needed for a program establishing priorities

Question 28

an example of an indirect program activity

Answer 28

repairing equipment

Question 29

behind the scenes activities and required to carry out the intervention

Answer 29

indirect activities

Question 30

steps directly involved in the delivery of the intervention

Answer 30

direct activities

Question 31

data collected specifically for use in a program are referred to a

Answer 31

primary data

Question 32

data that are already available

Answer 32

secondary data

Question 33

then needs assessment phase includes...

Answer 33

the collection, analysis and interpretation of information and foundation for effective program planning and successful program development

Question 34

method of confirming the survey is usable, to determine if people interpret questions as intended and to make sure that given answers include all possibilities

Answer 34

pilot test

Question 35

a well organized, written guide for presenting a specific block of instruction- an outline of the content to be presented that also specified the procedures to follow during presentation

Answer 35

lesson plan

Question 36

another name for educational plan?

Answer 36

lesson plan

Question 37

specific statements that describe what the learner is expected to be able to do, know or think differently about once the lessons content has been presented and mastered

Answer 37

instructional objectives

Question 38

three basic components of a presentation structure

Answer 38

instructional set, content body and closure

Question 39

who should be involved in the evaluation process?

Answer 39

stakeholders, community and organization decision makers, sponsors, dental health professionals, and targeted end users

Question 40

when should the evaluation methods be determined?

Answer 40

during the development of the program

Question 41

what is the most appropriate basis for evaluating an intervention?

Answer 41

the goals and objectives of the program

Question 42

what is the first step in program planning?

Answer 42

form an advisory group

Question 43

Intervention / most effective interventions?

Answer 43

interventions should be science based and proven appropriate for individuals and communities. health promoting interventions are most effective if they strategically predict, plan, and prevent potential crsis rather than react to problems.. a proactive approach

Question 44

how to determine if a program fails or succeeds?

Answer 44

through program evaluation... the results of the interventions are measured against the program objectives

Question 45

graduated numerical scale with upper and lower limits that allows for the measurement of disease severity rather than just disease incidence or prevalence

Answer 45

indices

Question 46

what are examples of a common indice?

Answer 46

dmft and dmfs the traditional method for measuring caries both present and past on the coronal surface of the permanent dentition

Question 47

what does dmft stand for?

Answer 47

decayed missing filled teeth (0-28)

Question 48

what does dmfs stand for?

Answer 48

decayed missing filled surfaces (0-128)

Question 49

what are focus groups useful for?

Answer 49

collecting data information on community needs and attitudes and norms

Question 50

what are the three levels of focus?

Answer 50

intrapersonal, interpersonal and community

Question 51

this level of focus is an individual approach

Answer 51

intrapersonal focus

Question 52

this level of focus is social networks

Answer 52

interpersonal focus

Question 53

this level of focus impacts social, cultural and political agencies

Answer 53

community focus

Question 54

what is the primary mode of action?

Answer 54

topical, in that it promotes remineralization and inhibits demineralization by continually bathing the teeth in saliva with low concentrations of fluoride

Question 55

the most significant benefit of water fluoridation

Answer 55

acts as topical, and systemic agent as well as antimicrobial activity

Question 56

all of the following are required for effective program planning except: a. sufficient time and resources, b. prompt reaction to a crisis, c. community recognition, d. behavioral, cultural and environmental and political influences addressed, e. community input and ownership

Answer 56

prompt reaction to a crisis

Question 57

compiling the primary and secondary information gives a picture of the....

Answer 57

community’s profile

Question 58

what are the 4 p’s in marketing

Answer 58

price product place promotion

Question 59

this theory is concerned with an individuals readiness to adopt a behavioral change for a healthier life... views behavior as a process rather than an event, with people at varying levels of motivation or readiness to change

Answer 59

stages of change model

Question 60

what are the major stages of the change model?

Answer 60

precontemplation: unaware of the health problem without any thought of change contemplation: aware of a problem and thinking about possibility of making change preparation: making plan for change action: practicing the behavior maintenance: continuing desired health action relapse: resumption of old behaviors

Question 61

true or false: trialability affects the acceptance and adoption of a new product idea or innovation

Answer 61

true

Question 62

when is learning most effective?

Answer 62

when many channels of information or senses are stimulated and learners are actively involved

Question 63

how might a person from a different culture convey the important of what they want to say?

Answer 63

behavior formally in interactions with people who were born in another culture pay careful attention to nonverbal communication and styles- body language and eye contact do not make assumptions