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Cell Bio > Exam 2 vocab > Flashcards

Exam 2 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Promoter (proximal and distal)

A

site on the gene where transcription factors bind. TATA box located directly upstream of the start site. TATA box has consensus sequences

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2
Q

Basal transcription factors

A

required to assemble the transcription complex TFII. mediator coordinates.

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3
Q

regulatory transcription factor

A

mediator coordinates.

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4
Q

Enhancer element

A

elements which enhance transcription by helping transcription factors bind to promoter, activators bind to enhancers. can be up or down stream.

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5
Q

Activator

A

proteins which may alter chromatin structure or interact with the mediator or other transcription factors.

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6
Q

Inducible factor

A

bind to upstream elements that are regulated by an inducer

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7
Q

Co-Activator

A

proteins which may alter chromatin structure or interact with the mediator or other transcription factors.

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8
Q

CpG Island

A

areas rich in CG repeats. methylation of c can inhibit gene expression due to enhanced chromatin compaction by methyl binding proteins.

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9
Q

methyl Binding Proteins

A

Bind to

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10
Q

TATA box

A
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11
Q

TFIID

A

made up of TATA binding proteins and TBP-associating factors. can bind to the TATA binding complex. binds to DNA and bends it through electrostatic properties.

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12
Q

T.F. Binding element

A
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13
Q

TFIIB

A

bind to DNA at TFIID. which through electrostatic properties can bend open proteins.

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14
Q

TFIIH

A

bind to the rest of the preinitiation complex. phosphorylates the carboxyl terminal of RNA POL II

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15
Q

RNA POL I

A

reads class I genes, rRNA

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16
Q

RNA POL II

A

reads class II genes (genes encoding proteins). produces mRNA. reads 3 to 5

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17
Q

RNA POL III

A

tRNA, small rRNA and small viral RNAs

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18
Q

mediator

A

a multiprotein complex which regulates transcription between activators, coactivators, transcription factors and TFIID. Coordinates between regulatory and basal TF, allowing basel to bind.

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19
Q

Silencer

A

interact with repressor proteins which block activator/ coactivator from interacting with transcription factors or the initiation complex.

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20
Q

Insulator

A

act as boundaries between genes to ensure the “correct” gene gets transcribed.

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21
Q

Wildtype

A

normal form of DNA sequence

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22
Q

Mutant

A

organisms that contain one or more mutations.

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23
Q

Intron

A

noncoding DNA

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24
Q

Exon

A

coding DNA

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25
polA tail
26
PABP
27
mGuanine cap
28
transcription initiation
29
ranscription elongation
30
hnRNA
31
mRNA
32
code
sense
33
sense
is translation template which is what is read. 5 to 3
34
Codon
3 nucleotides from the copy of the sense strand
35
Anti-code
antisense, template
36
antisense
anti-code, template
37
anti-codon
corresponding 3 nucleotide sequence form the template strand.
38
template strand
anti-code and antisense strand.
39
HAT
40
HdAC
41
euchromatin
non condensed nucleoprotein complex in the nucleus. active and acetylated histones with unmethylated cytosines.
42
Heterochromatin
condensed (transcriptionally inactive) nucleoprotein complex in the nucleus. has methylated cytosines and the histones are deacetylated
43
histone
small basic protein that condense DNA linker histone = H1 Core histones = H3, H4, H2A and H2B
44
nucleosome
octamer of 2 of each of the core histones complexed with 146 bp of DNA
45
Zinc finger
46
helix-loop-helix
found in transcription factors which have DNA binding and protein interaction domains.
47
Leucine Zip
48
monocistronic
(eukaryotes) one promoter one gene
49
polycistronic
(prokaryotes) one promoter many proteins
50
Epigenetic
heritable gene regulation that does not involve changes in the DNA code. is regulated through methylation of CpG islands.
51
structural gene
52
non-structural gene
53
Ubiquitin
54
Acylation
55
Sumolaytion
56
microRNA
57
Half-life
58
Redundant, degenerate
59
wobble base
60
non-standard nucleotide
61
shine/delgarno and Kozac sequences
62
formyl-methione
63
30S
64
50S
65
70S
66
40S
67
60S
68
80S
69
IFS 1
70
IFS 2
71
IFS 3
72
eIF4E
73
eIF4G
74
eIF4A
75
A site
76
P site
77
E site

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