exam 3 Flashcards
(51 cards)
The experience of having your attention suddenly captured by hearing your name from across the room is support for which type of attentional selection model? A) Shadowing B) Late-selection C) Inattentional blindness D) Early-selection
B) Late-selection
In one variant of a shadowing task, subjects are presented simultaneously with different stimuli to each ear and asked to focus their attention only on one ear. The result is that subjects are unable to report much about the content in the unattended ear. Which form of attentional processing accounts for this difficulty? A) Attentional spotlight B) Early selection C) Attentional blindness D) Late selection
B) Early selection
Which cue will typically elicit the fastest reaction time to the target in the symbolic cuing task? A) Colorful B) Valid C) Invalid D) Neutral
B) Valid
Which type of attention can be sustained over the longest period of time? A) Covert B) Voluntary C) Reflexive D) Nonconscious
B
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the brain events that determine reaction time on a choice-reaction-time test?
A) Retina, LGN, V1, V2, V4, inferior temporal lobe, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, spinal cord, finger muscle
B) Retina, LGN, V1, V2, V4, inferior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, spinal cord, finger muscle
C) Retina, LGN, V1, V2, V4, primary motor cortex, inferior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, spinal cord, finger muscle
D) Retina, LGN, V1, V2, V4, primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal lobe, inferior temporal lobe, spinal cord, finger muscle
B) Retina, LGN, V1, V2, V4, inferior temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, spinal cord, finger muscle
Reflexive attention is
A) always followed by a period of voluntary attention directed at the same target.
B) oriented on the basis of sensory events.
C) fairly easy to consciously repress.
D) based on conscious processing.
B
In a peripheral spatial cuing task, the phenomenon of inhibition of return is observed when the cue-to-target interval is A) greater than or equal to 200 ms. B) at 200 ms only. C) in the range of 0-100 ms. D) in the range of 100-300 ms.
A
Which concept accounts for the fact that conjunction searches involving sequential shifts of attention take a long time to perform?
A) Conscious perception and selection theory
B) “Pop-out”
C) The binding problem
D) Conjunction search theory
C
Anthony is an accomplished gamer, playing all the popular video games. There is some evidence to support the claim that upon analysis of his brain there would be
A) longer-latency ERP components compared to non-gamers.
B) cumulative attentional deficits as he ages.
C) ongoing improvements in sustained attention tasks.
D) a decrease in his visual attention capacity.
A
Which component of an averaged-out ERP waveform is believed to reflect auditory attention? A) N1 B) P1 C) N2 D) P3
A
The P3 component of auditory processing is associated with
A) early sensory processing.
B) impaired sensory processing.
C) recognized visual stimuli.
D) higher-order cognitive processing of stimuli.
D
Auditory attention produces an enhancement of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ERP component, whereas visual attention produces enhancement of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ component. A) P1; N3 B) N2; P3 C) P2; N2 D) N1; P1
D
When focusing attention on an, for example, an image of a tree (not simply gazing at it) which part of the brain shows enhanced activity? A) Intraparietal sulcus B) Lateral intraparietal area C) Intrasylvian perimeter D) Lateral inferior pulvinar
A
Which structure guides eye movements? A) Intraparietal sulcus B) Pulvinar C) Lateral geniculate nucleus D) Superior colliculus
D
In monkeys, direction of attention to particular locations regardless of stimulus modality is correlated with neural activity in the A) pulvinar. B) frontal eye field. C) lateral intraparietal area (LIP). D) temporoparietal junction.
C) lateral intraparietal area (LIP).
Damage to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in humans produces difficulties in suppressing unwanted reorientation of the eyes toward peripheral distracters. A) lateral intraparietal area (LIP) B) pulvinar C) frontal eye field D) temporoparietal junction
C
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plays a significant role in shifting attention to a novel location, especially if the stimulus is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) frontal eye field; bright B) intraparietal sulcus; moving C) temporoparietal junction; unexpected D) lateral intraparietal area; loud
C) temporoparietal junction; unexpected
Directed attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli is controlled by which cortical system? A) The medial orbitoparietal system B) The ventral frontal cortical system C) The dorsal frontoparietal system D) The temporoparietal system
D
During a task in which a shift in attention occurs within the neurons’ receptive fields, recording from within individual cortical neurons would likely show
A decrease in their rate of firing
Which symptom is not associated with Balint's syndrome? A) Hemispatial neglect B) Simultagnosia C) Optic ataxia D) Oculomotor apraxia
A) Hemispatial neglect
Which disorder is associated with simultagnosia? A) Progressive supranuclear palsy B) Balint's syndrome C) Hemispatial neglect D) ADHD
B) Balint’s syndrome
Which intervention has been shown to reduce the symptoms of ADHD and improve task performance in affected children?
A) Allowing children to fidget and engage in more intense play behaviors
B) A combination of group therapy and drug interventions
C) Group therapy, in which children with ADHD can talk about their diagnoses and discuss impulse control strategies
D) Drug interventions that slow the central nervous system
A
Metacognition is found in all of the following species except A) dolphins. B) humans. C) elephants. D) nonhuman primates.
C
Which circuit of the brain is active during quiet, introspective thought? A) The temporoparietal junction B) The default mode network C) The ventral stream D) The dorsal stream
D
