Exam 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Aggression
An intentional action aimed at doing harm or causing physical or psychological pain that could be physical or verbal
Culture of Honor
The emphasis on aggressiveness and vigilance in herding communities fosters a culture of honor in which even small disputes put a herder’s reputation for toughness on the line, requiring them to respond aggressively to restore their status and to make people think twice about coming near your property
Relational Aggression
Hurting others by sabotaging their reputations and
relationships. This is more likely to be used by females. For example, spreading rumors, backbiting, bullying
Catharsis
release of energy of a strong or repressed emotion often in forms of aggression
Think-Drink Effect
When people expect that alcohol will release aggressive impulses, they become more aggressive - even when drinking a non-alcoholic drink (placebo effect)
Frustration-Aggression response
Social pain registers in our brain in much the same way that physical pain does. Social pain also triggers aggression. School shooting perpetrators are often kids who are bullied, rejected and excluded. Frustration often leads to aggression in children and adults alike
Relative Deprivation
the deprivation we feel when we see others enjoying a better situation or when we are deprived of something relative to our expectations. When you notice other people are doing better than you and the system is treating you unfairly
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
People learn how to behave- including aggressively or helpfully- through cognitive processes such as their beliefs and perceptions of events and through observation and imitation of others
Weapons Effect
A gun, knife, or another weapon can serve as a cue for an aggressive response
Deindividuation
state of lessened self-
awareness, reduced concern about what other people think of them, and weakened restraints against prohibited forms of behavior. When we are made to feel self-aware, we tend to uphold our own
values (for example, of not harming people). When we are anonymous and not self-aware, we tend to act more on impulse
Dessensitation
We become decreasingly distressed by seeing people hurt. Over time, exposure to violence numbs us and become indifferent due to repetition.
Deindividuation
state of lessened self-
awareness reduced concern about what other people think of them and weakened restraints against prohibited forms of behavior. When we are made to feel self-aware, we tend to uphold our own
values (for example, not harming people). When we are anonymous and not self-aware, we tend to act more on impulse
Sexual Script
Sexual scripts vary according to one’s culture, sexual orientation, ethnicity, age, and geographic region, and they change over time. These scripts shape what people learn is the “right” way to be sexual, primarily from the observations of role models, peers, and from the med
The Dance of Ambiguity
Indirect communication and body language that communicates one’s desire to not have sex, through eye contact, hints, and other
nonverbal communication
Altruism
Doing something for others, even at the cost of our own immediate comfort and pleasure. Altruism relieves the unpleasant emotions we feel when we see others
suffer. Charity- people who send money on others are happier than people
who spend money on themselves
Prejudice
a negative attitude toward all members of a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in the group
Categorization
the grouping of objects or people by key characteristics
Meditation and Mindfulness
Meditation and mindfulness teach people to focus attention on the present moment. The goal is to become more aware of physical sensations in the moment- rather than dwelling in the past. Through mindfulness, you can reduce aggression to a perceived provocation or insult, which gives you time to reflect and decide how to respond more calmly.
Discrimination
Prejudice often leads to discrimination, which is defined as the unfair treatment of members of a stigmatized group
The implicit Association Test
A test that shows if you have subtle prejudices. Developed by Banaji and Greenwald. The IAT measures the speed of people’s positive and negative associations to a target group.
Scapegoat
describes the process of blaming the innocent and powerless for our troubles
Attributional Ambiguity
As a POC, if you receive a bad grade from a white teacher, and wonder whether it is because your work was not good or because
your teacher is prejudiced against POC students- this is called attributional ambiguity
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
If you believe women are more emotional than men, you will tend to notice and recall instances that confirms the stereotype and not count or focus on times we see men getting angry or the times that women don’t express their emotions
Stereotype Threat
Worrying about confirming a negative stereotype might interfere with your ability to perform well.
