Exam 3 Flashcards
In order to pack all of a eukaryotic cell’s DNA into the nucleus, the DNA is packed around _______, resulting in the structure known as ________
histone proteins ; chromatin
In the central dogma of biology, genetic information goes from ________ to _______ in the nucleus before being converted into _______ in the cytoplasm.
DNA ; RNA ; protein
DNA and RNA differ in all the following ways EXCEPT…:
a. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose
b. DNA is made of nucleotides while RNA is made of amino acids
c. DNA contains thymine while RNA contains uracil
d. DNA is double stranded while RNAA is single stranded
e. DNA cannot catalyze chemical reactions whereas RNA can
DNA is made of nucleotides while RNA is made of amino acids
_______ is the enzyme that makes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
RNA polymerase
Which of the following does NOT happen inside of the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell?
a. translation of the mRNA
b. DNA replication
c. RNA polymerase
d. helicase
e.ligase
translation of the mRNA
Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds and added to the growing chain during the _______ stage of __________
elongation ; translation
In the lac operon, the protein that binds to the operator to prevent transcription is ___________.
the repressor
Sickle cell anemia usually results from a single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene. This is called a ________.
substitution mutation
A cold sore flare up on a person’s lip is due to the herpes simplex virus type I moving from the _______ stage to the ________ stage.
lysogenic ; lytic
The genome of an organism is all of its ________.
genetic material
Cellular division is necessary for ______?
replacing cells that have reached their lifespan;
replacing injured cells;
organism growth and development
The feet of embryonic birds have webbing between the toes.
What process occurs in the developing chicken. foot, but NOT in the developing duck. foot? The functional result of this process is that ducks can swim, but chickens cannot.
apoptosis
What is the correct order of enzyme function during DNA replication?
a. helicase, ligase, DNA polymerase
b. ligase, dna polymerase, helicase
c. helicase, rna polymerase, ligase
d. helicase, ligase, rna polymerase
e. helicase, dna polymerase, ligase
e. helicaase , DNA polymerase, ligase
This process replicates and divides a prokaryotic cell DNA into two daughter cells.
binary fission
What statement is TRUE of prokaryotic cells?
a. prokaryotic cells can acquire new genes material through meiosis
b. “ through prophase. I
c. “ genes through mitosis
d. “genes through horizontal gene transfer and mutations
e. prokaryotic cells cannot acquire new genes
prokaryotic cells can. acquire new genes through horizontal gene transfer and mutations
The structures described contain the same order of genes down the length, and come from parents during sexual reproduction, is known as ______________.
homologous chromosomes
The picture shows a cell in what stage of mitosis?
( all alleles in the middle but separated. Two sides)
anaphase
Mistakes in the cell cycle and failed cell cycle checkpoints typically result in ___________.
apoptosis
When a diploid germ cell in a human female ovary gene goes through MEIOSISm it will generate what?
4 haploid cells
_________ produces identical diploid daughter cells and _____________ produces haploid. gamete. cells ; sperm and eggs
mitosis ; meiosis
A a haploid cell of a koala (phascularctos cinereous) contains 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be in a somatic cell of a koala?
16
Sperm and egg cells are ________ cells that unite in fertilization to create a single _________ zygote cell. This zygote cell then undergoes millions of rounds of ________, eventually leading to all the cells in your adult body.
diploid ; haploid ; meiosis
DNA is synthesized during _______ of the cell.
interphase
By creating new combinations of alleles, meiosis generates variety among offspring from just two parents. Which diversity generating mechanism does the following scenario describe?
During prophase I, the homologs align themselves precisely gene by gene. The homologs exchange chromosomal material.
crossing over/recombination shuffles maternal and paternal alleles
