SI CH 4 Session

Question 1

What is the ultimate source of Earth’s biological energy?

Answer 1

the sun

Question 2

What is the photosynthesis equation? IMPORTANT

Answer 2

sunlight + 6CO2 +6H2O –> 6CO2 + C6H12O6

Question 3

the energy of motion

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

stored energy =

Answer 4

potential energy

Question 5

Potential or kinetic?
An arrow that is pulled back by a bow has which type of energy?

Answer 5

potential

Question 6

Which is the best example that a something has kinetic energy?
a. a car parked on a steep hill
b. a tennis ball rolling across the court
c. a picture hanging on the wall
d. a piece of coal before its burned

Answer 6

b. a tennis ball rolling across the court
- the faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has

Question 7

A ball at the top of a hill is what type of energy?

Answer 7

potential

Question 8

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 8

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred.

Question 9

Why is the transformation of energy incredibly inefficient?

Answer 9

Most of the energy is wasted, transferred to heat.

Question 10

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 10

Entropy is a measure of disorder

Question 11

what is the amount of disorder/randomness?

Answer 11

entropy

Question 12

What is entropy?

Answer 12

the amount of disorder/ randomness

Question 13

greater __1.__ means greater __2.__

Answer 13

1. disorder
2. entropy

Question 14

increase in disorder = _____

Answer 14

higher entropy

Question 15

self-feeders
- organisms that make their own cellular energy sources

Answer 15

autotrophs

Question 16

3 examples of autotrophs

Answer 16

bacteria, plants, algae

Question 17

consumer / other- feeders
- organisms that a must obtain energy sources say consuming other organisms

Answer 17

heterotrophs

Question 18

3 examples of heterotrophs

Answer 18

animals, fungi, protists

Question 19

what is metabolism?

Answer 19

sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Question 20

the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism is ..?

Answer 20

metabolism

Question 21

2 major categories of metabolic reactions in cells?

Answer 21

1. anabolic
2. catabolic

Question 22

Breaking up aa large molecule into. smaller molecules is __1.__ and results in __2.___ entropy

a. exergonic, incased
b. exergonic, decreased
c. endergonic, increased
d. endergonic, decreased

Answer 22

a. exergonic, increased

Question 23

Organizing small molecules into a larger molecule ___ an organism’s entropy.

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

what is activation energy? IMPORTANT

Answer 24

additional energy to get a reaction started

Question 25

additional energy to get a reaction started is called what?

Answer 25

activation energy

Question 26

when a molecule losses electrons

Answer 26

oxidation

Question 27

when a molecule gains electrons

Answer 27

reduction

Question 28

reactions that are paired reactions between two molecules involving the movement of high-energy electrons

Answer 28

redox reaction

Question 29

acronym for oxidation meaning :

Answer 29

O - oxidaation I - is L - loss of electrons

Question 30

acronym for reduction meaning :

Answer 30

R - reduction I - is G - Gain of electrons

Question 31

adenosine triphosphate is aka:

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

What is a good coupled reaction?

Answer 32

when endergonic and exergonic reactions occur together

Question 33

What are enzymes?

Answer 33

catalysts

Question 34

What are catalysts?

Answer 34

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 35

site where substrate bonds

Answer 35

active site

Question 36

the molecules that a the enzyme processes

Answer 36

substrate

Question 37

induced fit means -

Answer 37

the enzyme changes shape so tat it can bind better to the substrate

Question 38

when the enzyme cages shape so that it Cana bind better to the substrate it is called .

Answer 38

an induced fit

Question 39

group of enzymes that help carry out the process

Answer 39

metabolic pathway

Question 40

what is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 40

a group of enzymes that help carry out a process

Question 41

Do enzymes reduce or increase activation energy?

Answer 41

reduces

Question 42

how are enzymes regulated? directly or indirectly?

Answer 42

bot. Enzymes can be regulated directly and indirectly

Question 43

a cellular product tat binds to an enzyme on a location tat is not the active site , active site changed shape

Answer 43

allosteric regulation

Question 44

non-substrate molecule fits into active site and blocks real substrate access

Answer 44

competitive inhibition

Question 45

something tat is permanently bound in the active site, means enzyme is dead

Answer 45

suicide inhibitor

Question 46

what does a coenzyme do?

Answer 46

activate enzymes/ help enzymes

Question 47

molecules or energy moving from high to low concentrations

Answer 47

diffusion

Question 48

what is diffusion?

Answer 48

molecules or energy moving from high to low concentrations

Question 49

what is osmosis?

Answer 49

movement of water molecules?

Question 50

what is the movement of water molecules?

Answer 50

osmosis

Question 51

In osmosis, does water move to high or low concentrations?

Answer 51

high

Question 52

isotonic =

Answer 52

balanced

Question 53

hypotonic =

Answer 53

outside has greater concentration of a solute

Question 54

hypertonic =

Answer 54

inside has greater solute concentration

Question 55

3 major modes of transmembrane transport in a cell:

Answer 55

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport

Question 56

this transmembrane transport requires no energy and goes from high to low concentration

Answer 56

simple diffusion

Question 57

this transmembrane transport requires no energy, goes from high to low concentration and needs a membrane protein

Answer 57

facilitates diffusion

Question 58

this transmembrane transport requires energy and goes from low to high concentration

Answer 58

active transport