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Exam 3 Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What is Fluid Intelligence?

A

The ability to reason and solve novel problems, independent of acquired knowledge

Involves logic, pattern recognition, and problem-solving skills.

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2
Q

What is Crystallized Intelligence?

A

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills gained through experience and education.

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3
Q

What do researchers hypothesize about Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence over a lifespan?

A

Fluid intelligence peaks in early adulthood and then declines, while crystallized intelligence continues to grow throughout life.

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4
Q

What are the three types of intelligence in Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?

A
  • Analytical Intelligence
  • Creative Intelligence
  • Practical Intelligence
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5
Q

What is Analytical Intelligence?

A

Problem-solving and logical reasoning abilities.

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6
Q

What is Creative Intelligence?

A

Ability to generate novel ideas and think outside the box.

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7
Q

What is Practical Intelligence?

A

Common sense and ability to adapt to real-world environments.

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8
Q

List three career paths associated with Linguistic Intelligence.

A
  • Writer
  • Journalist
  • Teacher
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9
Q

What does the Stanford-Binet Test measure?

A

Fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

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10
Q

What does IQ stand for?

A

Intelligence Quotient.

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11
Q

What is the relationship between mental and chronological age in IQ assessment?

A

A high IQ means mental age exceeds chronological age.

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12
Q

What were the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal Study regarding inductive reasoning?

A

Inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, verbal comprehension, and verbal memory improve until middle adulthood, then decline.

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13
Q

What is stereotype threat?

A

Anxiety about conforming to negative stereotypes can impair test performance.

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14
Q

Define Intellectual Disability.

A

Below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior deficits.

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15
Q

What causes Organic Intellectual Disability?

A

Caused by genetic disorders or brain damage.

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16
Q

What IQ threshold is typically considered for Giftedness?

A

IQ of 130 or above.

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17
Q

What is Phonology?

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A

Sound system of a language.

18
Q

What is a Phoneme?

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A

Smallest sound unit.

19
Q

What does Morphology refer to?

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A

Structure and formation of words.

20
Q

Define Morpheme.

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A

Smallest unit with meaning.

21
Q

What is Syntax?

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A

Rules for sentence structure.

22
Q

What does Semantics study?

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A

Meaning of words and sentences.

23
Q

What is Pragmatics?

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A

Social use of language.

24
Q

What are the stages of Expressive Language Development?

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A
  • Cooing (6-8 weeks)
  • Babbling (4-6 months)
  • First words (12 months)
  • Two-word stage (18-24 months)
  • Telegraphic speech (2-3 years)
25
What type of words do infants typically say first?
Mostly nouns.
26
What is a Vocabulary Spurt?
Rapid increase in word learning, usually around 18 months.
27
What is the Mutual Exclusivity Assumption?
A new word refers to an unfamiliar object.
28
What is the Whole-Object Assumption?
A word refers to an entire object rather than its parts.
29
Define Syntactic Bootstrapping.
Learning meaning from sentence structure.
30
When does understanding words begin in infants?
Around 6 months.
31
What is the difference between universal linguists and language-specific listeners?
* Universal linguists: Birth to 6 months (can distinguish all speech sounds) * Language-specific listeners: After 6 months.
32
What is Overextension in language use?
Using a word too broadly.
33
What is Underextension in language use?
Using a word too narrowly.
34
What are common characteristics of Adolescent Language Development?
More complex sentence structures, figurative language, and abstract thinking.
35
What is Aphasia?
Language impairment due to brain damage.
36
What is the function of Broca’s Area?
Responsible for speech production.
37
What is the function of Wernicke’s Area?
Responsible for language comprehension.
38
What is Child-Directed Speech?
High-pitched, exaggerated, and slow speech used with infants.
39
What is Recasting in language teaching techniques?
Restating a child's sentence with corrections.
40
What does Expanding involve in language teaching?
Adding complexity to a child’s sentence.
41
What is Labeling in language teaching?
Naming objects to support vocabulary development.
42
What does the Genie case study imply about language acquisition?
Implies a critical period for language acquisition.

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