Exam 3 Flashcards by Cassie Asmondy

What is os coxae?

Another name for the pelvic bone

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What are the 3 parts of each innominate bone?

Ilium, ischium, & pubis

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What is the name for the horseshoe-shaped articular surface on the lateral aspect of the innominate?

Lunar surface

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What ligament bridges the acetabular notch?

Transverse acetabular ligament

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Where does each innominate articulate with the sacrum?

Auricular surface

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What feature separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis?

Arcuate line

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What structure of the male pelvis is heart-shaped?

Pelvis Inlet

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Which sex has a shorter symphysis pubis?

Females

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Are males more likely to have an acute or obtuse pelvic arch?

Acute; females need the larger angle for childbirth

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What is the classification for the typical female pelvis?

Gynecoid Pelvis

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What 4 areas of the pelvis are more prone to fracture?

Pubic rami
Acetabulum
Sacroiliac joint region
Lateral aspect of the ilium

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What is the term for a common painful contusion to the soft tissue over the iliac crest?

Hip Pointer; associate with contact sports

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How many primary ossification centers are found in a complete pelvis?

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When does the pelvis typically complete ossification?

20-22 y.o.

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What is the angle of inclination?

Angle created where the neck and shaft of the femur meet

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The adductor tubercle is found on which epicondyle of the femur?

Medial epicondyle

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What are the 4 secondary ossification centers of the femur?

Head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, and the distal end

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What is the typical angle of inclination at birth?

145 degrees; adults is about 125 degrees

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What is coxa valga associated with?

Developmental dysplasia of the hip–>bow-legged

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Rickets may lead to a decrease in the angle on inclination, known as?

Coxa vara

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With what individuals could we associate subcapital fractures with?

Older individuals who suffer from osteoporosis, post-menopausal women

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The head of the femur is supplied by the _____ artery whereas the neck is supplied by the ____ artery.

Obturator; Femoral (technically the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries)

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What is the large sesamoid bone found within the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps?

Patella

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A direct trauma of the patella may lead to what type of fracture?

Comminuted; a bunch of small fragments

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What is the difference between patella emarginata and bipartite patella?

Patella emarginata has an UNOSSIFIED superolateral portion whereas the bipartite patella has an independently ossified superolateral portion.

Dull pain under and around the patella that worsens with exercise is likely what condition?

Chondromalacia; articular cartilage on the back of the patella is softening and fissuring

What bones does the fascia lata attach to?

Pelvic bone proximally, tibia distally

What is the opening found in the proximal anterior aspect of the fascia lata?

Saphenous opening; allows passage of great saphenous vein

What movement is most limited at the hip joint?

Hyperextension; absent in most individuals except dancers and gymnasts

Where does the iliacus insert?

Lesser trochanter of the femur

What is the nerve supply to the psoas major?

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

What infection can spread from the vertebral column creating a pocket of pus called a psoas abscess?

Tuberculosis

The psoas minor is missing in __% of the population.

50%

What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps?

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Sartorius

What is the common point of insertion for the quadriceps?

Base of the patella

What muscle retracts the synovial membrane of the knee joint to help stabilize the knee?

Articularis genu

What is another name for patellar tendonitis?

Jumper's Knee; overuse of the patellar ligament with pain intensified with activity

The patellar reflex is testing what segmental innervation?

L2, L3, L4

What nerve supplies all the muscles of the medial thigh?

Obturator (L2, L3, L4)

What is the only muscle of the medial thigh to cross both the hip and knee joint?

Gracilis; (also often used in transplants to replace damaged muscles)

What is the innervation of pectineus?

Femoral & Obturator Nerves

What is the innervation of the adductor magnus?

Obturator & Sciatic Nerves

What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?

Crest of the ilium

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

INFERIOR gluteal (L5, S1, S2)

What is the insertion for both the gluteus minimus and the gluteus medius?

Greater trochanter of the femur

The Trendelenburg test is assessing for weakness of which muscles?

Glut. Medius & Glut. Minimus

Doing the Trendelenburg test, the pelvis drops on the right side...which muscles are weak?

LEFT glut medius and minimus

What is the action of the piriformis muscle?

Lateral rotation of the femur

Which other muscles share a tendon of insertion with the obturator internus?

Superior & Inferior gemellus

What is the origin of the obturator externus?

EXTERNAL surface of the obturator membrane

What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?

Quadrate tubercle of the femur

Which muscles are stronger overall: lateral rotators (of the femur) or medial rotators?

Lateral rotators (which is why the front of the foot should point slightly laterally)

What nerve supplies all the posterior thigh muscles?

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

What is pes anserinus?

The tendons of insertion of the semiTENDinosus, gracilis, & sartorius

Where does the short head of the biceps femoris originate?

Linea aspera of the femur

How does an avulsion of the ishial tuberosity occur?

Forcible flexion of the hip when the knee is extended (think of doing the splits without stretching)

In what muscle is the lumbar plexus embedded?

Psoas major

What is the segmental innervation of the iliohypogastric nerve?

L1, sometimes T12

The cutaneous supply of the proximal, medial aspect of the thigh is supplied by which nerve?

Ilioinguinal Nerve

Meralgia Paresthesia involves which nerve?

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve; (pain, burning & tingling along lateral aspect of thigh)

Which nerve of the lumbar plexus pierces the psoas major and divides into 2 branches?

Genitofemoral Nerve

What is the segmental innervation to the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

That would be Femoral Nerve which is L2, L3, L4

An anterior dislocation of the hip may damage which nerve?

Obturator nerve

Which segmental levels contribute to the sacral plexus?

Lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) & S1, S2, S3, S4

The sacral plexus lies largely on which muscle?

Piriformis

What are the segmental innervations of the superior and inferior gluteal nerves respectively?

Sup: L4, L5, S1 Inf: L5, S1, S2

What is the chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?

Pudendal Nerve

The largest nerve in the body is the ___ nerve.

Sciatic

The Tibial nerve is formed from the ___ division whereas the Common Fibular nerve is formed from the ___division.

Tibial=anterior | Common Fib=posterior

Which nerve may be damaged in a posterior dislocation of the hip joint?

Sciatic nerve

In the event of sciatic nerve damage, sensation would be lost below the knee EXCEPT where?

Medial side of leg and foot (supplied by Saphenous Nerve)

The dorsal venous arch of the foot will ascend as which two veins?

Medially=GREAT Saphenous vein | Laterally=LESSER Saphenous vein

The great saphenous vein terminates at which vein?

Femoral Vein

The lesser saphenous vein terminates where?

In the popliteal fossa into the popliteal vein

Which vein is commonly used for coronary bypass surgery b/c of it's length and easy accessibility?

Great Saphenous Vein

What is significant about the femoral triangle?

Common area of hernias | Arterial pressure point

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Sup: Inguinal ligament Lat: Sartorius Med: Adductor longus

In which compartment of the femoral sheath is the femoral artery found?

Lateral

Which sex has a wider femoral canal?

Females

The ____ iliac artery continues as the femoral artery, which continues as the ___ artery.

External iliac-->Femoral-->Popliteal

What is the first major branch of the femoral artery?

Femoral Profundus (Deep Artery of the Thigh)

What are the 2 other names for the Hunter's Canal?

Adductor Canal | Subsartorial Canal

What 3 structures pass through the adductor canal?

Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve**

What muscles form the medial borders of the popliteal fossa?

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the MEDIAL head of the gastrocnemius

What muscles form the lateral borders of the popliteal fossa?

Biceps femoris & LATERAL head of the gastrocnemius

What is the arterial structure that provides collateral circulation to the leg during full flexion at the knee joint?

Genicular anastomosis

Exam 3 Flashcards

(87 cards)