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Gross 1 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What structure deepens the articulation of the hip joint?

A

Acetabular labrum

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2
Q

What is the strongest ligament of the body?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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3
Q

Which ligament prevents abduction at the hip joint?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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4
Q

Which ligament ‘screws’ the femoral head into the acetabulum?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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5
Q

What is the function of the capitis femoris ligament?

A

Conducts a blood vessel to the head of the femur

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6
Q

When the leg is extended at the knee, what limits flexion at the hip?

A

Tendons of the hamstring muscles

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7
Q

Which type of dislocation is most common at the hip joint?

A

Posterior dislocation; femoral head ends up on the ilium

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8
Q

The ___ nerve may be compromised in posterior hip dislocations; whereas the ___ nerve may be compromised in anterior hip dislocations.

A

Sciatic-posterior

Obturator-anterior

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9
Q

What bones participate in the knee joint?

A

Femur, tibia, patella (NOT the fibula)

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10
Q

What joint classification is the knee joint?

A

Ginglymus (hinge) for femur/tibia

Plane gliding for the patella/femur

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11
Q

Which bursa is associated with housemaid’s knee?

A

Subcutaneous prepatellar

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12
Q

Which bursa is continuous with the knee’s joint cavity?

A

Suprapatellar

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13
Q

What is the common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps?

A

Ligamentum patella

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14
Q

Which ligament of the knee is attached to the medial meniscus?

A

Medial Collateral (or Tibial Collateral)

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15
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament run from?

A

Lateral condyle of the femur–>anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

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16
Q

Which cruciate ligament is stronger?

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (which is why we hear of ACL injuries more often)

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17
Q

How does the central portion of the knee menisci receive nutrition if it is avascular?

A

Nutrients diffuse from the synovial fluid of the knee joint (whereas the periphery of menisci has own blood supply)

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18
Q

The ___ meniscus is more circular and the ___ meniscus is more C-shaped.

A

Lateral-circular

Medial-C-shaped

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19
Q

When the popliteus muscle contracts, it unlocks the knee by _____rotating the tibia.

A

Medially; (lateral rotation is responsible for the knee locking when fully extended)

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20
Q

Which type of bursitis is common in roofers and floor tillers?

A

Subcutaneous INFRApatellar; aka clergyman’s knee

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21
Q

What 3 things are damaged in an ‘unhappy triad’ injury?

A

Medial collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial meniscus

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22
Q

An ACL injury could be indicated through the use of what orthopedic test?

A

Positive Anterior Drawer Test (Tibia can be pulled excessively forward)

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23
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease?

A

Disruption of epiphyseal plate of the tibial tuberosity causing localized pain, occurs around puberty age but will usually self resolve after a few years

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24
Q

Which bone is involved in a bumper fracture?

A

Tibia (hitting your shin into the bumper of your car)

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25
Which nerve may be compromised in a fibular neck fracture?
Common fibular nerve
26
How many tarsal bones do you have?
7
27
What tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?
Talus
28
What is the condition where a secondary ossification center develops for the lateral tubercle of the talus?
Os trigonum
29
Under normal conditions, all tarsal bones have one ossification center except this bone...
Calcaneus; has a secondary ossification center for the calcaneal tuberosity
30
Which metatarsal is the largest and strongest? Longest?
Largest & Strongest-1st metatarsal | Longest-2nd metatarsal
31
Individuals in high impact sports are likely to have stress fractures to which bone?
Navicular
32
These individuals are likely to have stress fractures to the shaft of the tibia?
Runners
33
Which artery is transmitted through a hole in the interosseous membrane?
Anterior tibial artery
34
Which anterior leg muscle is unique to humans?
Fibularis tertius
35
Which muscle is usually involved in medial tibial stress syndrome (aka shin splints)?
Tibialis anterior
36
The common fibular nerve contains fibers from what segmental levels?
L4, L5, S1, S2
37
Ski boot syndrome is a compression neuropathy of which nerve?
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)
38
Ski boot syndrome results in a sensory loss to what region?
Webspace between first and second toes
39
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
Medial cuneiform and FIRST metatarsal
40
As humans, do we walk slightly inverted or slightly everted?
Everted b/c of the advancements of the fibular muscles
41
Which two muscles make up the triceps surae?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus (remember gastroc has 2 heads plus the soleus gives us the TRIceps)
42
All posterior leg muscles are supplied by this nerve.
Tibial nerve
43
Where would you find a fabella?
Lateral head of the gastrocnemius; it articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur
44
The calcaneal tendon reflex is testing which segmental levels?
S1 & S2
45
The plantaris muscle is missing in __% of the population and is highly developed in what types of animals?
5%; developed in animals that grasp with their feet
46
What does the sural nerve supply cutaneously?
Skin on the posterior aspect of the leg | Lateral, plantar aspect of the foot
47
What is peripheral arterial disease?
Narrowing of the POSTERIOR tibial artery resulting in painful leg cramps whiles walking
48
What is the tibiofibular syndesmosis?
Inferior tibiofibular joint; articulation of the fibular notch of the tibia and the lateral malleolar facet of the fibula (this is also the joint affected in a high ankle sprain)
49
Which joint is considered a mortise joint?
Talocrural joint; made up of talus, tibia, and fibula
50
What are the 4 parts of the deltoid ligament?
Anterior tibiotalar Posterior tibiotalar Tibionavicular Tibiocalcaneal
51
What is the most commonly damaged ligament in an ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular ligament
52
What 3 structures are likely damaged in a Pott's Fracture?
Deltoid ligament tears Shaft of fibula fracture Possibly fracture to the lateral malleolus
53
"First step pain" and pain along the medial longitudinal arch are associated with what overuse condition?
Plantar fasciitis
54
What is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis?
Extends digits 2-4
55
The adductor hallucis is supplied by what nerve?
Lateral plantar nerve
56
The flexor retinaculum compresses the tibial nerve &/or the medial plantar nerve in what condition?
Jogger's Foot/Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
57
What does the Babinski reflex indicate?
Damage to spinal nerves L4, L5, S1, S2 Brain injury or normal in infants under 4 months old
58
Which ligament is also known as the spring ligament?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
59
What is the purpose of the spring ligament?
Major support of the medial longitudinal arch
60
What is hallux valgus?
Lateral deviation of the MP joint of digit one, causing digit one and digit two to overlap; more common in females
61
When the digits hyperextended at the MP & DIP joints but flexed at the PIP joints, (commonly seen at the 2nd and 3rd digits) this is called?
Hammer toe
62
What is turf toe?
hyperextension of the MP joint of digit one causing damage to the plantar capsular ligament
63
What is the term to describe the collapsed arches of flat feet?
Pes planus
64
When the medial longitudinal arch is unduly high, seen commonly in polio, we call this pes ____.
Pes Cavus

Gross 1 (4 decks)

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