Flashcards in Exam #3 Deck (183)
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91
They would like to repel and come apart, but they can't...because the ________ bond holds these phosphates together. The only way to liberate a phosphate is if you _____ the covalent bond...________ ATP...that's how the energy gets released.
covalent, break, hydrolyze
92
Adenosine refers to the base adenine plus the sugar ______.
ribose
93
ATP hydrolysis is endergonic/exergonic?
EXERGONIC, provides energy
94
What is Pi?
Inorganic phosphate
95
If you put energy on the product side, you show that this is ________. Delta G will be _______.
Exergonic, negative
96
___ kcal/mole is released when a mole of ATP is hydrolyzed
-7.3kcal/mole
97
How is the ATP used to do work?
ATP hydrolysis is coupled to endergonic reaction, allowing it to move forward
98
Delta G will be positive...endergonic..._____ kcal/mole
+3.4 kcal/mole
99
Would the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP provide enough energy?
YES. The absolute value of 7.3 is greater than 3.4, therefore there's enough energy.
100
If you add -7.3 + 3.4, you get a negative value. A negative value means...?
you have enough energy
101
How does coupling work?
Glutamic acid + ATP...when they react, a phosphate comes off of the ATP, which becomes ADP, and sticks onto the Glutamic acid. When it does that, the glutamic acid now becomes reactive. It's now easy to replace that phosphate with an amino group. And now you have glutamine
**It works through phosphorylation of a reactant.***
102
What does phosphorylation do?
Adding a phosphate covalently makes that compound unstable, makes it reactive...whenever you have a phosphate, that means you have energy.
103
How does the Na/K pump function?
Through conformational change
104
The Na/K pump was _________ in order to drive the conformational change
phosphorylated
105
Using ATP means _________ it.
hydrolyzing
106
What do we hydrolyze ATP into?
ADP and inorganic phosphate
107
Energy from catabolism is...
Energy from anabolism is...
exergonic
endergonic
108
Using ATP means breaking it down into ____ and ______ _______ and then making it again which means...
ADP and inorganic phosphate
...putting ADP and inorganic phosphate back together
109
We make ATP through _________
catabolism
110
What is the most efficient form of catabolism?
Cellular respiration
111
What is a less efficient, effective way of catabolism?
Fermentation
112
What do all reactions have in effect?
An energy barrier
113
The energy barrier is the energy to ______ bonds.
breaks
114
The barrier makes reactions _______.
slow
115
An energy barrier must be _______ for every single reaction.
overcome
116
How do we increase the rate of a reaction?
Use a catalyst
117
What's an example of a catalyst?
Heat
118
Why is it not a good idea to apply heat to cells?
1) denaturing proteins
2) no specificity
119
What is the biological solution/catalyst?
We accomplish catalysis with ENZYMES.
Enzymes do not damage cells. Moreover...they're very specific for the reaction we desire.
120
