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Dental Hygiene 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Foods and beverages that are commercially processed in optimally fluoridated cities can be distributed and consumed in nonfluoridated communities.

This effect can result in increased fluoride intake by individuals living in nonfluoridated communities providing them some protection against dental caries

A

Halo/Diffusion effect

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2
Q

Provides the most effective method for dental caries prevention and control

A

Fluoride

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3
Q

By way of the circulation to developing teeth

A

Systemically

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4
Q

Directly to the exposed surfaces of erupted teeth

A

Topically

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5
Q

A nutrient taken into the body by way of fluoridated water, dietary supplements, and found in small amounts in foods.

Tea, fish, and brocolli

A

F12

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6
Q

Absorbed by diffusion from the stomach as hydrogen fluoride. Most is absorbed within 60 minutes of ingestion.

A

F12

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7
Q

What percentage of the F12 in the body is located in the mineralized tissues(teeth and bones)?

A

99%

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8
Q

What part of the body is fluoride excreted through?

A

kidneys

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9
Q

The fluoride ion replaces some of the hydroxyl ions of the hydroxyapatite; fluorapatite is the nformed, which is less soluble and more resistant to acid formation.

Also results in the development of shallower occlusal grooves, reducing the risk of pit and fissure caries.

Excessive f12 during enamel formation and tooth development results in dental fluorosis. (The enamel is hypomineralized.)

A

Pre-Eruptive: Mineralization Stage

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10
Q

After mineralization is complete and before eruption, f12 deposition continues in the surface of the enamel.

Children who are exposed to fluoride for the first time within the 2 years prior to eruption have the greatest amount of f12 acquired during this pre-eruptive stage.

A

Pre-Eruptive: Maturation Stage

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11
Q

Hypomineralized (or decalcified) enamel absorbs f12 ingreater quantites than some enamel

A

Posteruptive

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12
Q

Topical fluoride works to:

A

Inhibit demineralization
Enhance remineralizaton of incipient lesions
Inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates
Desensitizer
Inhibits erosion

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13
Q

Continuous use of fluoridated water from birth can result in..

A

40-65% fewer carious lesions (40% in the primary teeth)

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14
Q

Led to the conclusion that the level of fluoride in the water optimum for dental caries prevention averages 1ppm in moderate climates

A

Trendley Dean

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15
Q

Began his studies to find the cause of “brown stain” which later was called mottled enamel and now is known as dental fluorosis

A

Fredrick McKay

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16
Q

A chemist, pinpointed fluorine as the specific element related to the tooth changes that Dr. McKay had been observing clinically

A

H.V. Churchill

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17
Q

What is the optimal fluoride concentration used for municipal water supplies to prevent dental caries?

A

0.7-1.2 ppm (parts per million)

For temperature climates, 1ppmThis

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18
Q

Absorbs the most fluoride before the other parts of the tooth

A

Decalcified enamel

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19
Q

If a patient has a significant concern, such as pain, this need is addressed prior to intiating dental hygiene treatment

A

Chief complaint

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20
Q

What is fluoride found in?

A

pesticides

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21
Q

Most common for patient on regular hygiene recall intervals

Neutral Sodium Fluoride due to its neutral pH of 7.0

A

2.0% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Gel/Foam

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22
Q

Recommended for high risk carie
Etches porcelain, composite restorative material, and sealants so it should NOT be used on patients with such restorations.

A

1.3% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) Gel/Foam

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23
Q

Has tricalcium phosphate
Great for use in children due to caries inhibiting effect and great diffusibility
Reduces demineralization in white areas around ortho brackets
Application of choice for dentin hypersensitivity!!!!
Cavity liner

A

5% Neutral Sodium (NaF) Varnish

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24
Q

Acute fluoride poisoning is rare

True or False

A

True

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25
Q

Certain lethal dose of of fluoride toxicity

A

Adult 5-10g of NaF taken at one time

Child 0.5-1.0 g, variable with size and weight

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26
Q

What do you do when a patient has ingested too much fluoride?

A 
Induce vomiting (manually or with Ipecac syrup)
Administer fluoride-binding liquid when patient is not vomiting: milk, milk of magnesium, or lime water
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27
Q

What are the parts of a dental hygiene care plan?

A

Periodontal/Gingival Health
-Primary objective is to restore and maintain health of the periodontal tissues
Dental Caries Control
-Includes fluorides, sealants, and dietary control of fermentable carbs
Prevention
-Preventive care starts with the patient’s personal daily biofilm control and includes interventions such as: tobacco cessation, risk factor reduction, desensitizing exposed dentin, helping with halitosis, etc.

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28
Q

Properties of unwaxed floss

A

Thinner floss helpful for tight contacts
More likely to fray and shred

Flossing removes biofilm from proximal surfaces

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29
Q

Prevents soft tissue trauma due to wax coating
Resists breaking/shredding
Wax gives strength and durability

A

Waxed Floss

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30
Q

Types of interdental brushes

A

Small insert brushes with reusable handle

Brush with wire handle

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31
Q

Uses for interdental brushes:

A

Proximal tooth surfaces with open embrassures
Ortho
Fixed prostheses
Dental implants
Space maintainers
Any hard to reach area
For application of chemotherapeutic agents

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32
Q

End-Tuft brushes

A

Open interproximal areas
Fixed dental prostheses
Difficult to reach area

33
Q

Broad spectrum antibacterial and antigingivitis

A

Chlorhexadine (CHX)

34
Q

What does chlorhexadine do?

A 
Action:
Binds to oral hard and soft tissue
Causes cell lysis
Prevents biofilm accumulation
Substantivity 8-12 hours

Availability and Uses:
0.12% solution
Preprocedural rinse before/during/after perio debridement

Efficacy:
Antimicrobial & antigingivitis

Considerations:
Brown staining
Causes heavier calculus formation
Altered taste sensation (metallic)

35
Q

What are local self care methods for delivering chemical agents?

What are the benefits?

A

Toothbrushing
Rinsing
Irrigating

Preventive
Therapeutic
Cosmetic

36
Q

Why do we do preprocedural rinses?

A

To reduce bacterial load before instrumentation producing aerosols

37
Q

Benefits of oral irrigation:

A

Reduction of gingivitis & bleeding
Reduction of subgingival dental biofilm
Reduction of inflammatory mediators
Subgingival delivery

*The standard jet tip can penetrate below the gingival margin 44% to 71% of the pocket depth

38
Q

Functions of Chemotherapeutic Agents/:

A

Remineralization: restore mineral elements
Antimicrobial: bactericidal or bacteriostatic
Gingival health: reduction and prevention of gingivitis
Astringent: shrink tissues
Anodyne: Alleviate pain
Buffering: reduce oral acidity
Deodorizing: neutralize odor
Oxygenating: cleansing

39
Q

Segment connecting the submerged implant body to the prosthetic component
Provides a platform for attaching crowns or bridges

A

Abutment

40
Q

Capable of existing in harmony with the surrounding biologic environment

A

Biocompatible

41
Q

What is fibrous encapsulation?

A

Layer of fibrous connective tissue between the implant and surrounding bone. Also called fibrous integration; indicative of failed osseointegration

42
Q

What is osseointegration?

A

The direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert alloplastic material without intervening connective tissue

43
Q

Reversible inflammation of the periodontal tissues around an implant with no subsequent bone loss; similar to gingivitis in a natural tooth

A

Peri-implant mucositis

44
Q

Destructive inflammatory process of the periodontal tissues around an implant charcterized by progressive bone loss in addition to soft tissue inflammation with hemmorrhage and/or exudate; similar to periodontitis in a natural tooth

A

Peri-implantitis

45
Q

Risk factors for caries:

A 
behavioral factors
dietary factors
low fluoride
tooth morphology and position
xerostomia
genetics
developmental factors
46
Q

Risk factors for perio disease:

A 
behavioral factors
tobacco use
systemic condition
hormonal considerations
nutritional status
iatrogenic factors
genetic factors
47
Q

Risk factors for systemic infections:

A 
infective endocarditis
cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis
diabetes mellitus
respiratory disease
adverse pregnancy outcomes
48
Q

Risk factors for oral cancer:

A

tobacco use
alcohol use
sun exposure

49
Q

Material: titanium or vitallium

Rests over the bone of the mandible or maxilla; complete arch or unilateral

A

Subperiosteal Implant

50
Q

Most commonly used for denture patients
Material: stainless steel, ceramic-coated materials, and titanium alloy
Pt has atrophic endentulous or a congenital or traumatic deformity of the mandible

A

Transosseous Implant

51
Q

An implant within the bone to replace a single tooth or provide support for the replacement of complete or partial loss of teeth
Most common type to use
Material: primarily plasma-sprayed titanium

A

Endosseous Implant

52
Q

Indicates failure of osseointegration. Mobility is evident.

A

Fibrous encapsulation

53
Q

Implant/Soft Tissue Interface

A

Soft tissue connection: sulcular epithelium is in contact with the implant surface
The long junctional epithelium of an implant is arranged parallel to the fixture, surrounding it, but with no attachment
No connective tissue (Sharpey’s fibers) exist to hold the attachment as with a natural tooth

54
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Exposed cementum/gingival recession

55
Q

Gingival bleeding

A

Biofilm accumulation causing inflammation

56
Q

Increased caries risk

A

Previous history of dental caries and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages frequently throughout each day

57
Q

Biofilm control record score= fair to poor score

A

Limited ability to perform oral self-care tasks

58
Q

Reversible bacterial infection in the soft tissue similar to gingivitis. Mild color change with bleeding may be present

A

Initial Stage- Mucositis

59
Q

Inflammation has reached the level of the bone. Edema or hemmorage is present in the surrounding tissues. Probing depths are increased.

A

Secondary Stage Periimplantitis

60
Q

Inflammation present but no mobility. Consult surgeon if no response to tx in 2 weeks.

A

Ailing Implant

61
Q

Inflammation present. Bone loss has occured and continues. Mobility faintly noticeable.

A

Failing Implant

62
Q

Evident mobility. Radiographic changes are evident, often showing a vertical bony defect. Refer pt. immediately back to surgeon.

A

Failed Implant

63
Q

What type of instruments are used on dental impants?

A

Plastic instruments
No ultrasonic
Only non-abrasive prophy paste is used if any at all

64
Q

Wedge or v-shaped cervical lesion created by the stresses of lateral or eccentric tooth movements during occlusal function, bruxing, or parafunctional activity resulting in enamel microfractures

A

Abfraction

65
Q

Transient pain arising from exposed dentin, typically in response to stimulus

A

Dental Hypersensitivity

66
Q

Theory there is fluid movement within the dentinal tubules

A

Hydrodynamic Theory

67
Q

What type of fluoride is used with dental implants?

A

Neutral Sodium Fl is recommended

Avoid acidic fl

68
Q

APF

A

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride

69
Q

Breakdown of the tooth structure with loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorus

A

Demineralization

70
Q

Decayed, missing, and filled teeth

A

DMFT

71
Q

Apatite formed when low concentrations of fluoride react with tooth mineral; at higher concentrations, calcium fluoride is formed.

A

Fluorhydroxyapatite

72
Q

Form of enamel hypomineralization due to excessive ingestion of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth

A

Fluorosis

73
Q

Occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a nonfluoridated community

A

Halo or diffusion effect

74
Q

NaF

A

Neutral Sodium Fluoride

75
Q

PPM

A

parts per million

76
Q

Restoration of mineral elements in a tooth surface

A

Remineralization

77
Q

SnF2

A

Stannous fluoride

78
Q

Indentification of an existing or a potential oral health problem that a dental hygienist is qualified and licensed to treat

A

Dental Hygiene Diagnosis

Dental Hygiene 2 (4 decks)

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