Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Which of the following is contagious? A) Psoriasis B) Lymphoma C) Warts D) Hyperglycemia

Answer 1

Warts Warts are growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Warts are a local contraindication. The massage session may proceed, but the area should be avoided.

Answer 2

flagellum 4 Types of pathogens: Virus - Examples: Common cold (rhinovirus), hepatitis, influenza Bacteria - Examples: Staphylococcus Fungi - Example: Histoplasmosis Parasite - Example: Malaria - A parasite benefits from living off their host. Some sources list 6, and sometimes 7, types of pathogens. They include: bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, prions, algae and other micro-organisms/parasites. A flagellum is a slender threadlike structure or whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, and spermatozoa to swim.

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle Choice A. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin. They are spindle-shaped and have a single, centrally located nucleus.Smooth muscle cells do not have striations and gap junctions join some visceral smooth muscle cells together. Voluntary contraction is not possible with this type of cells. Choice B. Skeletal muscles are those attached to bones and where one can palpate them. Their cells are very long and are cylindrical in shape and have multiple nuclei that are located in the periphery. Skeletal muscles have striations and voluntary contraction is possible. This type of muscle cells are the only ones not capable of producing spontaneous contractions. Choice C. As the name implies, cardiac muscles are found specifically in the heart only. Their cells are cylindrical and branched and have a single, centrally located nucleus. The cells are attached to one another through the intercalated disks (a type of intercellular junction specialized for impulse conduction to contract heart). Cardiac muscle cells have striations and voluntary control is not possible. If the heart cells do not beat in unison, heart arrhythmias can occur.

Answer 4

Sciatic The sciatic nerve either passes alongside, under or sometimes goes through, the piriformis muscle before it continues down the back of the leg.

Answer 5

cervical There are a total of 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column (that is if you count the coccygeal vertebrae as 4). Cervical: 7 vertebrae (C1–C7) Thoracic: 12 vertebrae (T1–T12) Lumbar: 5 vertebrae (L1–L5) Sacral: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1–S5) Coccygeal: 4 (varies between 3–5) (fused) vertebrae (aka -Tailbone)

Answer 6

condyle A condyle is a smooth, rounded bump for bone articulations. The trochlea and capitulum of the humerus are condyles, even though they are not called named condyles. The medial and lateral condyles are found on the distal end of the femur at the knee joint. In contrast to that, an epicondyle is a bump or projection upon a condyle. Choice A. Fossa is a general term for a depression. Choice B. Foramen refers to a hole. Choice C. Head refers to an enlarged and usually a rounded end

Answer 7

Radius and ulna Basically, the forearm refers to the lower part of the arm that extends from the elbow to the wrist. It is composed of two bones, the radius and ulna. Based on the anatomical position, the ulna is located more medially while the radius lies laterally. In addition to that, the two bones articulate with the humerus superiorly.

Answer 8

sympathetic nervous system The main purpose of the sympathetic nervous system is to activate the response of the body during stressful situations, including the fight-or-flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" or "feed and breed" activities that occur when the body is at rest.

Answer 9

Pectoralis major The pectoralis major muscle is supplied by both the medial and lateral pectoral nerves from the Brachial plexus (C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1). Choice A. Subclavius is innervated by the nerve to subclavius arising from the upper trunk of the Brachial plexus (C5, C6). Choice B. The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, and C7). Choice C. The pectoralis minor is innervated only by the medial pectoral nerve from the Brachial plexus (C6, C7, and C8).

Answer 10

Acetabulum The tibia is also referred to as the shinbone. The femoral head does not articulate with the tibia rather, the distal portion of the tibia articulates the femoral condyles to form the knee joint. The head of the femur forms about two thirds of a sphere. It articulates with the acetabulum of the hip to form the hip joint, a type of ball and socket joint. Lesser trochanter is a part of the femur. It is located at the junction of the femoral neck and shaft and serves as an attachment point for several muscles such as the psoas muscle. Fovea capitis is a small depression of the femoral head that acts as an attachment site for the ligament of the head or the ligamentum teres.

Answer 11

Negative Negative feedback is a type of control that is used in maintaining homeostasis. Sweating during a fever is a common example of negative feedback.

Answer 12

Slight depression Basically, the word fossa is a general term for depression and is usually a shallow one. The mandibular fossa is the depression found in the temporal bones where the condyle of the mandible rests. Choice B. A canal or meatus refers to a tunnel. Choice C. A tuberosity or tuber may be referred as a knob and is larger than a tubercle. Choice D. A notch in general, refers to a depression in the margin of a bone.

Answer 13

Vastus Lateralis Sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all insert at the pes anserine. Vastus Lateralis (one of the quadriceps) inserts at the patella via the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity.

Answer 14

72 F Room temperature should be between 72 – 78 degrees Fahrenheit. 75 degrees is the optimum temperature. The minimum room size is 10 feet wide and 12 feet long. Indirect lighting during a massage is best. Minimum lighting requirement is 5 foot candles. The room should remain barrier free. Three feet of space between items allows for room for most wheelchairs. The use of music during a massage is the choice of the client.

Answer 15

25 The IRS allows for a $25 tax deduction per year per recipient to clients, associates, and employees.

Answer 16

The same day they are used. Sheets should be laundered the same day as a massage so that oil stains do not set in.

Answer 17

All of the above. An accident report form written document that is completed any time anyone (client, practitioner, owner, or other party) is injured in an accident, causes injury to another person, or causes property damage. This should be done even if the accident is minor. Take down the date, time, person, addresses and phone numbers. Make note of any witnesses and how the incident was handled (sent to doctor, got a band-aid, or etc).

Answer 18

ability to place the palm of your hand flat on the table Both the practitioner's navel and ASIS would be too high. The hands flat on the table is the best option here and is in some massage texts. Alternate texts list ideal height as the practitioner’s fingertips or the first knuckle should reach the top of the table while their arms are hanging at their sides. Also, the styloid process of the ulna may be used.

Answer 19

nuts A practitioner should ask a client if they are sensitive to nuts before using sweet almond oil. Sensitive clients with nut allergies may react to nut oils because of residue in the oil from the manufacture of the oil. Unrefined oils pose the highest risk to sensitive clients.

Answer 20

Between 72 - 78 degrees Fahrenheit Room temperature should be between 72 – 78 degrees Fahrenheit. 75 degrees is the optimum temperature. The minimum room size is 10 feet wide and 12 feet long. Indirect lighting during a massage is best. Minimum lighting requirement is 5 foot candles. The room should remain barrier free. Three feet of space between items allows for room for most wheelchairs. The use of music during a massage is the choice of the client.

Answer 21

blood CDC - Standard Precautions apply to 1) blood; 2) all body fluids, secretions, and excretions, except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain visible blood.

Answer 22

Ordinances Ordinances are laws and regulations established on a local, or municipal, level.

Answer 23

Multi-use hand towels in bathrooms Single-use towels are ideal in a massage clinic to reduce cross contamination and spread of pathogens.

Answer 24

agent The beneficiary is the person covered under the terms of the policy. The payer is a private or government organization that insures or pays for health care on behalf of beneficiaries. A primary care physician (PCP) coordinates all health care for a patient. They make referrals to specialists. An agent is an individual salesperson who is licensed to sell insurance.

Answer 25

Sole proprietor A sole proprietor is a person who owns an unincorporated business by herself or himself.

Answer 26

allowable charge An allowable charge is the highest amount of payer will pay any provider for his or her service or procedure A deductible is a certain amount of money that the patient/client must pay each year toward his or her medical expenses before health insurance benefits begin. A premium is a fee paid to an insurance company on a regular basis for coverage. A co-pay is a small fee or percentage paid to a provider at the time services are rendered. This is the portion of a service fee that the patient/client must pay.

Answer 27

Twin Twin sheets will fit most massage tables, but may be too large for some smaller tables. Smaller sheet sets that fit massage tables a little better are available from massage supply stores.

Answer 28

Professional Liability Professional Liability Insurance Also called: Malpractice Insurance Professional Liability insurance, or malpractice insurance, protects massage professionals from claims made against them by clients that believe they were injured from their massage. Business Liability (“Slip/Trip & Fall”) This protects a business in case a client falls or injures themselves on the business’ property. Business Property This covers costs in the event of a fire, break-in or other damage. Health or Medical Insurance This insurance covers health and medical expenses. Disability Disability insurance protects a practitioner’s income in case of injury or disability.

Answer 29

traction Traction is force applied to the body to separate joint surfaces and elongate surrounding soft tissues.

Answer 30

Pes cavus Abnornally high arches of the feet is referred to as pes cavus while the opposite, flat foot is called pes planus. Genu recurvatum refers to hyperextension of the knees. Genu varus means bow-legged while it's opposite is knocked knees called genu valgum.

Answer 31

The shoulders will be pushed upwards and likely tighten. Arm rests which are set too high would cause the top of shoulder girdle to be pushed upwards, shorten and likely tighten.

Answer 32

Anterior pelvic tilt The lower crossed syndrome, also known as the pelvic crossed syndrome, is an abnormal adapted posture that results from muscle imbalances surrounding the abdomen, pelvis, and superior part of the lower limbs. The following are its characteristics: Anterior pelvic tilt (APT) Excessive lumbar lordosis Tightness or contracture of the hip flexors Tightness of the lumbar extensors Weakness and/or lengthening of the abdominal muscles Weakness and/or lengthening of the gluteal muscles Tightness of the hamstrings secondary to weak gluteal muscles Excessive kyphosis of the thoracic spine may accompany a lordotic posture but, does not directly relate to the lower crossed syndrome. Kyphosis is associated more of the upper crossed syndrome. Talipes equinovarus means clubfoot. Scoliosis is a condition that presents with an abnormal lateral curvature/s of the spine.

Answer 33

Anconeus Extension of the elbow is done by the Triceps brachii (all three heads) and the Anconeus. The other muscles in the choices can not extend the elbow joint.

Answer 34

Sagittal plane To stretch the hip flexors, the hips should be placed opposite the action of those muscles. As in this case, the hip flexors will be stretched by placing the hips into extension and/or hyperextension. The movements flexion, extension, and hyperextension all occur in the sagittal plane or the YZ plane which divides the body into left and right halves.

Answer 35

one shoulder raised or tilting of the head to one side Holding a phone by trapping it between the ear and shoulder can cause unilateral tension on one side and the opposite side (neck and upper back/shoulder) to become over stretched.

Answer 36

P P = Plan The Plan portion of the SOAP includes: What the client should do next Plans for the next session New or changed treatment goals

Answer 37

Tibialis anterior The primary muscles responsible for dorsiflexion include the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.

Answer 38

Biceps brachii The Speed's test is a special test used to determine for superior labral tears or bicipital tendinitis (inflammation of the Biceps tendon). To perform the test, the patient's arm is positioned in 90 degrees shoulder flexion, shoulder in external rotation, with elbow in full extension and forearm in supination. The patient maintains this position while the therapist applies a downward resistance on the arm. The test is considered positive if pain is produced in the bicipital tendon or bicipital groove. Also, the Speed's test is used in conjunction with the Yergason's test to confirm for the presence of bicipital tendinitis.

Answer 39

Internal rotation and External rotation of the hip To palpate for the greater trochanter of the femur, the examiner places the thumb on the iliac crests laterally and then reaches down on the thigh as far as possible with the middle finger. The greater trochanter is a large bony prominence, over which the fingers may slide from side to side and upward and downward. With passive internal and external rotation of the femur, the greater trochanter can be palpated with more certainty.The height of the two greater trochanters should be the same for both legs.

Answer 40

0-135 Normal flexion range (in degrees) for the knee joint is 0-135. 0 degrees of extension is a completely straight knee joint. 135 degrees of flexion is a fully bent knee joint.

Answer 41

consultation During the consultations, a practitioner should: greet the client, determine the client’s needs and expectations, explain procedures, state policies, perform preliminary assessment, formulate treatment plan, and obtain informed consent from the client.

Answer 42

kyphosis Kyphosis is an exaggerated thoracic curve. This may result in rounded shoulders where the pectoral muscles would tighten and need to be stretched and lengthened.

Answer 43

Bilateral Unilateral - occurring on one side of the body Bilateral - occurring on both sides of the body Ipsilateral - occurring on the same side of the body Contralateral - occurring on the opposite side of the body

Answer 44

Peroneus brevis and Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis and Peroneus longus are responsible for eversion of the foot. An inversion sprain would also overstretch both these muscles and their tendons.

Answer 45

Anteversion An excessively internally rotated femur is referred to as femoral anteversion. Anteversion refers to the femoral neck projecting forward from the coronal plane of the femoral shaft and thereby exhibiting an internally rotated hip. In infants and children, an angle approximately 30 degrees is considered normal however in adults, the normal angle should only be 8 to 15 degrees. If the angle is beyond 15 degrees, then it is called anteversion. As a consequence, an anteverted femur results in some related postures such as toeing-in, medial rotation of the femur and medial rotation of the tibia.

Answer 46

Refer the client to a medical doctor. This situation warrents a referral to a physician. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially dangerous condition where a blood clot forms in a vein most commonly in the calf area. When DVT is suspected, various movements and techniques such as massage and even a simple ankle dorsiflexion is contraindicated since these may dislodge the clot and travel to different parts of the body. A serious problem associated when a clot breaks off is pulmonary embolism, where the embolus blocks an artery of the lungs. Medical referral is warranted once a suspicion for DVT has been raised. Appropriate medical procedures and medications are involved with the treatment of DVT. Plain radiographs, massage, and RICE protocol will not be helpful in this scenario and may cause more harm than good.

Answer 47

Quietly excuse herself and inform the therapists that their conversation may be audible to clients Protecting every client's privacy is an ethical duty. In this situation, the best answer is to quietly excuse herself and inform the therapists that their conversation may be audible to clients. It is best to talk directly to the co-workers first.

Answer 48

Projection Defense Mechanisms Denial is actively refusing a conscious awareness or reality. Repression is unconsciously preventing something from becoming conscious. Projection is attributing your own personal feelings onto another. Rationalization is trying to explain there is a good reason or justification for unacceptable behavior.

Answer 49

Respect the client and do not attempt to re-secure the drape. Both the therapist and the client can cross physical boundaries. If you observed that your client covers up more skin to be modest, this may be a sign that you have crossed a boundary and that she is establishing a new one. In situations like this, respect the client and apologize. It is our duty to let our clients feel safe, comfortable and secure at all times.

Answer 50

make guarantees about healing a condition When advertising your massage business, it is important to: convey professionalism at all times provide a license number, especially when required by law use honesty and integrity refrain from promising to heal a condition

Answer 51

Euphemism A euphemism is mild or indirect word or expression substituted for another word that is considered to be too harsh, crude, or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. During pre-screening phone calls, people seeking non-therapeutic massage may use euphemisms for sexual services. Be clear with potential clients with the services you provide. Do not leave room for misinterpretation.

Answer 52

good communication with clients Communication is key to malpractice prevention. This includes: Discussing the risks of massage Ruling out contraindications Staying in contact about the pressure Explaining draping and disrobing expectations and options Maintaining the therapeutic relationship and avoiding inappropriate relationships

Answer 53

Giving a client a colonic irrigation without training, or a license (when required) Working in an area not properly zoned is a violation of the law. Working on a minor without proper consent can be a violation of the law, but is also informed consent misconduct. Charging a cash-paying client a different rate than an insurance-paying client is fraud, or financial impropriety. Giving client's colonic irrigations without training, or a license (when required) is considered practicing beyond the scope of practice for massage therapists.

Answer 54

Transference Transference vs. Countertransference Transference occurs when the client makes the professional relationship personal. The client transfers onto a current relationship thoughts or feelings that originated in a different, past relationship. Countertransference goes in the opposite direction of transference. The therapist, or professional, transfers onto the client their own issues from the past. It also occurs when the professional is unable to separate the therapeutic relationship from their personal feelings surrounding the client.

Answer 55

Justice Justice is the promotion of fairness. Veracity is the principle that one should tell the truth. Beneficence is the act of doing or promoting good. Fidelity is the principle that one should keep one’s promises.

Answer 56

All of the above Harassment can come from ALL of the following. Subordinate Supervisor Clients A position, or status, does not affect whether or not a person's actions are harassment. Harassment is harassment.

Answer 57

Dual relationships Dual relationship refers to when the massage therapist has a client who is actually his/her friend, family, colleague, or a business associate. Although this may sound good since the therapist already knows the individual, this type of relationship may pose difficulties in the therapist’s professional career. An example would be where the client may assume that he/she can ask for a discount or a free massage session.

Answer 58

Inflexible Boundary Traits and Styles Rigid/Inflexible/Impermeable/Thick People with rigid boundaries are closed off as if there is a wall around them. They are unable to let others get close to them, physically or emotionally. They have few close relationships, are extremely protective of personal information, and often seem detached from others. Weak/Permeable/Porous/Thin People with soft or weak boundaries are essentially unprotected and allow unwanted attacks or abuse. They have difficulty defining and asserting their own rights and responsibilities. They have trouble saying "no", tend to overshare, and often fear rejection if they do not comply with the demands of others. Healthy/Flexible/Semi-permeable People with flexible or healthy boundaries choose what to let in and what to keep out. They are able to do this on a situation-specific and case-by-case basis. People with healthy boundaries are difficult to manipulate and often form healthy relationships. They are accepting with others say "no", share personal information in an appropriate manner, and can communicate their personal needs and wants.

Answer 59

Obtain client's consent first. All of the following choices are applicable before draping a client. However, asking for permission to do those would be the most important act to do.

Answer 60

Flexible Boundary Traits and Styles Rigid/Inflexible/Impermeable/Thick People with rigid boundaries are closed off as if there is a wall around them. They are unable to let others get close to them, physically or emotionally. They have few close relationships, are extremely protective of personal information, and often seem detached from others. Weak/Permeable/Porous/Thin People with soft or weak boundaries are essentially unprotected and allow unwanted attacks or abuse. They have difficulty defining and asserting their own rights and responsibilities. They have trouble saying "no", tend to overshare, and often fear rejection if they do not comply with the demands of others. Healthy/Flexible/Semi-permeable People with flexible or healthy boundaries choose what to let in and what to keep out. They are able to do this on a situation-specific and case-by-case basis. People with healthy boundaries are difficult to manipulate and often form healthy relationships. They are accepting with others say "no", share personal information in an appropriate manner, and can communicate their personal needs and wants.

Answer 61

prioritize To prioritize is to decide what tasks are most important. To procrastinate is the postpone or put something off until a later time. To dictate is to give orders or prescribe. To mediate is to settle a dispute between two parties.

Answer 62

Oncology Oncology massage covers appropriate massage modalities for clients with cancer. Training includes precautions for radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Geriatric massage focuses on massage for the elderly, or aging population. Hematology is the study of blood in health and disease. Orthopedics is a medical specialty concerned with correction of deformities or functional impairments of the skeletal system. Orthopedic massage focuses on massage techniques for helping a variety of musculoskeletal conditions.

Answer 63

Energy techniques Reiki, Jin Shin Do, and Polarity Therapy are all energy techniques.

Answer 64

Sedating Vigorous strokes are stimulating to the body. Gentle rhythmic strokes are sedating to the body.

Answer 65

Dilation As the blood relaxes, vasodilation occurs. This has a hypotensive effect on the body.

Answer 66

Expiration Expiration begins with the relaxation of the inspiratory muscles. There is a pressure increase largely due to the recoil of the elastic fibers stretched during inspiration. Inspiration begins with the initial of contraction of the diaphragm.

Answer 67

decreases circulation to the area Heat therapy causes vasodilation, which does not decrease circulations to the area, it increases it.

Answer 68

Compression METH and MEAT is a newer acronym used by health professionals as an alternative to RICE. M= Movement E= Elevation T= Traction H= Heat M= Movement E= Elevation A= Analgesics T= Treatment R= Rest I= Ice C= Compression E= Elevation Both compression and elevation prevent lymph fluid from accumulating around an injury. However, compression (such as using a wrap or bandage) also adds support to the weakened area.

Answer 69

Longitudinal, cross-directional Longitudinal stretching pulls the tissue in the fiber direction. Cross-directional stretching pulls the tissue against the fiber direction.

Answer 70

petrissage Petrissage comes from the French work ‘pétrir’, which means “to knead”. These strokes, which may be rhythmic, often include lifting and squeezing the muscles.

Answer 71

Seated There are 3 basic positions on the table: Prone - This is a face down position. It allows for the best access to the posterior muscles of the body. (back, glutes, hamstrings and calves). Side-lying or Lateral Recumbent - This position is best for pregnant clients and clients that cannot lay in the prone position. It allows access to the posterior and anterior legs, the back and lateral muscles of the body. Supine - This is a face up position. It allows for the best access to the anterior muscles of the body (face, chest, abdomen, quads and shins). When these are not possible, or desired, seated massage is the best option.

Answer 72

Attachment Myofascial trigger points are hypersensitive, hyperirritable areas in the muscle that when compressed, causes referred pain to areas distant from the original taut band. There are several kinds of trigger points. The attachment trigger points are located at the musculotendinous junction that results from the tension of the taut band.

Answer 73

Cold Contrast bath therapy, also known as "hot/cold immersion therapy", is a form of treatment where a limb or the entire body is immersed in ice water followed by the immediate immersion of the limb or body in warm water. This procedure is repeated several times, alternating hot and cold. Most texts and the general opinion of most is to start with hot and end with cold (to inhibit inflammation at the end).

Answer 74

Traction Traction is force applied to the body to separate joint surfaces and elongate surrounding soft tissues.

Answer 75

loss of feeling 5 cardinal signs of inflammation: redness increased heat swelling pain loss of function

Answer 76

Cross-fiber friction Cross fiber friction is applied perpendicular to the muscle fibers. Longitudinal friction is applied in the same direction as the muscle fibers.

Exam 3 Flashcards

(100 cards)