Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

adult health > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

PH is less than 7.3

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Positive ketones (blood & urine)

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

blood glucose level greater than 300

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is considered hypoglycemic

A

less than 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hormone secreting portion of pancreas

A

Islet of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

alpha cells produce and secrete

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

beta cells produce and secrete

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

facilitates glucose transport

across cell membranes in most tissues

A

INSULIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

released in response to low blood sugar-opposes effects of insulin

A

Glucagon-released in response to low blood sugar-opposes effects of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal range of glucose range

A

70-120 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two stress hormones are

A

cortisol and epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is considered early diabetes

A

a1c is 5.7%-6.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

early diabetes fasting glucose

A

greater than 100 but less than 126 ; fasting means not eating for 8-10 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

target organs

A

eyes-diabetic neuropathy, glaucoma
nervous system
circulatory system- blood vessels
kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

leading cause of kidney failure

A

diabetes and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 most complimentary diseases; occurring together increase the risk why people die

A

diabetes and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do diabetic patients die from

A

die of heart issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

autoimmune disease

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

insulin producing cells of the pancrease

A

beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

has more signs of having diabetes; patients eventually get sick with dka

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1 complaint for type 1

A

polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5.8%

A

all your rbc.. only 5.8% of them are saturated with glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

frosted flakes vs. corn flakes

A

all the frosted flakes are the cells saturated in glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

average span of rbc

A

90-120 so 3 months ; a1c is considered within 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
greater than or equal to 126
diabetic fasting blood glucose
26
genetic + environmental; usually sudden onset
type 1
27
what will someone with type 1 come in with first
chronic hyperglycemic
28
higher blood glucose, higher urine output; water follows glucose
polyuria
29
kidney threshold for glucose
180; anything above that the kidneys will spill glucose in the urine
30
why are diabetics malaise and fatigue
glucose gives cells energy and If they dont have any then they have these symptoms
31
3 P's of type 1
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
32
metabolic syndrome
``` hypertension >130/85 abdominal obesity >40 / >35 low HDL <40 / <50 impaired fasting glucose >110 elevated triglycerides >150 ``` criteria for early diabetes
33
regular (onset, peak, duration)
30-60 minutes 2-4 hours 4-6 hours
34
lispro (humalog) | onset, peak, duration
5-15 minutes 0.5-1.5 hours 2-3 hours
35
aspart (novalog) | onset, peak, duration
10-20 minutes 1-3 hours 3-5 hours
36
insulin intermediate acting
lente | NPH
37
insulin short acting
regular, Iispro, aspart
38
NPH (onset, peak, duration)
2-4 HOURS 6-8 HOURS 10-18 HOURS
39
lente (onset, peak, duration)
2-4 HOURS 6-8 HOURS 10-18 HOURS
40
insulin long acting
Glargine (Lantus) | Ultralente (U)
41
Glargine (Lantus) | onset, peak, duration
4-8 hours none 24+
42
Ultralente (U) | onset, peak, duration
4-6 hours 10-18 hours 18-36 hours
43
HumALOG Mix 75/25
5-15 minutes 1-12 hours 18 hours
44
NovOLIN 70/30 or HumULIN 50 /50
0.5-1 hour 2-12 hours 18 hours
45
normal a1c levels
less than 6.5%
46
normal fasting glucose
70-126
47
symptoms of dm plus a random plasma glucose
greater than 200
48
glucose tolerance test
2 hour plasma glucose greater than 200
49
2 fasting glucose levels
greater than 126
50
the higher your number of glucose
the quicker chronic complications happen
51
7 on the meter is
170
52
the meter goes up by
35 points
53
why is the peak most important
most at risk for hypoglycemia so you need to monitor your patient
54
lantus has a decreased risk of hypoglycemia. why
because there is no peak
55
what can you not mix with anything else
cannot mix lantus with anything in the same syringe
56
why do you pull up regular insuLin before pulling up NPH
because you dont want to draw up long acting insulin in the short acting insulin because it is contaminated and could cause death
57
insulin given IV
always regular insulin
58
how is insulin given
sub -q so at 45 degree angle and DONT aspirate; person with not a lot of fat can have it at 45, person who is bigger can have it at a 90
59
bumps dents in skin from repeated injections
Lipodystrophy
60
fastest absorption of insulin
abdomen, arm, thigh, butt
61
insulin and working out
avoid putting shot into the muscle that you are using because it may increase absorption
62
what cells secrete insulin
beta cells located in the pancreas
63
alpha cells
secrete glucagon
64
why could a type 2 need insulin
if they have poor glucose control, bad diet, no exercise
65
CHANGE THE INSULIN SITE for the pump
every 3 days for the pump
66
oral insuline
only given to type 2 diabetics
67
what to know about BIGUANIDES
first line used for dm can cause renal damage MONITOR CREATININE
68
when a patient is on metformin and is getting contrast what do you do
hold the meds the day of and 48 hours after
69
what do SULFONYLUREAS end in
ide; oral med
70
major side effect of SULFONYLUREAS
hypoglycemia
71
given orally and Lowers blood glucose by stimulating beta cells in pancreas to release insulin
Meglitinides
72
whats important about Meglitinides
take 30 mins before each meal; do not take if meal is skipped ; cause hypoglycemia
73
how much carbs do you need
130g/ day ; 45-65%
74
fat
less than 7 %
75
protein
15-20%; high protein is not recommended for these patients
76
wbc
4-12,000
77
hemoglobin male
13.0-18.0
78
hemoglobin female
12.0-16.0
79
hematocrit male
37-49%
80
hematocrit female
36-46%
81
platelets
150-400,000
82
bun
10-20
83
creatinine
0.6-1.2
84
potassium
3.5-5.0
85
sodium
135-145
86
glucose fasting
70-100
87
total cholesterol
<200
88
treatment for hyperkalemia
regular insulin ; it drives potassium inside the cells
89
only insulin given iv
regular
90
why is potassium important
it can cause cardiac dysrhythmias
91
anion gap
rough measure of acidosis ; resolves DKA ; blood sugar could be normal but if the anion gap is abnormal you're still in dka
92
anion gap elevated
means they are acidotic
93
people w dka die from
acidosis
94
when anion gap is within normal range
turn insulin off and consider acidosis has resolved
95
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
seen in patients with type 2 diabetes; dehydrated because glucose is high. some insulin production so they wont develop DKA
96
hypoglycemia TIRED
``` tachycardia irritability restless excessive hunger diaphoresis depression ```
97
untreated hypoglycemia can cause
seizures and death
98
what is considered hypoglycemia
less than 50
99
can occur at any time but most often occurs at the peak of a medication
hypoglycemia
100
treatment for hypoglycemia
glucagon and dextrose ; simple carb foods rule 15
101
``` Cool, clammy skin Rapid heartbeat Hunger Nervousness, tremor Faintness, dizziness Unsteady gait, slurred and/or incoherent speech Vision changes Seizures, coma Alc Stroke ```
hypoglycemic
102
whats important in treating hypoglycemic
giving them glucose but even when its normal, continue to monitor because they could fall right back into hypoglycemic after your short acting sugars
103
slide 53
concept map
104
check if patient is experiencing nephropathy
check protein in the urine
105
anything higher than 240
go see the doctor because its too high

adult health (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions